Esta pesquisa avaliou o sistema de produção extrativista de moluscos e osefeitos socioeconômicos e ambientais nos municípios de Paço do Lumiar, São José de Ribamar e Raposa, situados na Ilha do Maranhão. Foram realizadas entrevistas no período entre setembro/2014 e dezembro/2014, com aplicação de 66 questionários do tipo semiestruturados, abordando a questão ambiental, socioeconômica e a atividade de mariscagem e coletadas alíquotas de água para análise bacteriológica nos sítios de extração dos mariscos. A evolução espaço-temporal dos bancos que servem de substrato para os moluscos foi avaliada a partir de imagens aéreas referente aos anos de 2005 e 2015. Os principais moluscos extraídos foram Anomalocardia brasiliana, Mytellafalcata, Mytellaguanienses, Iphigenia brasiliensis e Crassostrearhizophorae, os quais apresentaram produção estimada entre 200 Kg a 300 Kg/coleta.Palavras-chave: Moluscos, catadores, estuário, Ilha do Maranhão.

This study evaluated the annual cycle of biological reproductive aspects of Prochilodus lacustris, a neotropical fish species, in Baixada Maranhense Protection Area in northeastern Brazil. Fish were collected monthly between June of 2015 and June of 2016 using gill nets. In the laboratory, 600 individuals were weighed, measured, and eviscerated to obtain biometric data and data for the microscopic and macroscopic analyses of the maturation stages of the gonads. These analyses allowed the determination of the reproductive period using biological indicators such as the gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index, condition factor, stomach repletion index, and spawning season. Abiotic variables were measured in situ during the samplig: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity. In addition, local rainfall data was also obtained. The results showed that the total body length of individuals varied from 151 to 211 mm in males, and from 142 to 239 mm in females. The sex ratio showed a predominance of females over males, and the species showed negative allometric growth. The annual variation of reproductive indicators and the frequency of individuals in advanced stages of gonadal maturation suggest that the reproductive cycle of the species occurs between November and January, with a reproductive peak in January. This reproductive peak coincides with the beginning of the region's rainy season. Although we did not do the fertility analysis, our results suggest that the species presents partitioned spawning. In conclusion, this results demonstrates that the reproduction of the investigated specie is influenced by associations between environmental variables on a seasonal scale and can be contribute to improve the understanding of the dynamics of the physiological reproductive process in lentic environments.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the major social and environmental implications of the presence of the industrial district of the city of São Luís (Brazil) over a span of 30 years. The district was established in the 1980s to receive industrial enterprises of the Grande Carajás Program, which led to the installation of a massive support infrastructure. Industrial activities have contributed substantially to rapid, definitive, irreversible changes to the way of life of the population residing near the district and have gradually altered the spatial organization of the area, with consequent harm to the natural landscape. Both the perceptions of the local population and data obtained using geotechnological tools offer evidence of the main changes having occurred and factors associated with such changes. Mangrove degradation and the loss of both natural and secondary vegetal cover were the most significant changes in the time interval studied. The main factors associated with environmental harm are industrial activities, the mineral extraction of sand and disorganized land occupation.

Com o propósito de estimar a produção do peixe serra (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) e de sua fauna acompanhante, foram acompanhados desembarques de uma embarcação componente da frota serreira que atua ao longo do litoral maranhense e está sediada no município de Raposa. O controle nos desembarques caracterizou a composição e abundância dos pescados no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010, totalizando 17 desembarques. Um total de 27 espécies pertencentes a 16 famílias e 8 ordens, foram registradas nos desembarques. Em relação ao peso, a família Scombridae superou as demais, representando 50,02% da biomassa, seguida da Sciaenidae (21,60%) e Carangidae (11,13%). As 6 principais espécies desembarcadas, respondem por 81% do total desembarcado, destacando-se Scomberomorus brasiliensis, Cynoscion microlepidotus e Sarda sarda. Das espécies capturadas, 74,07% foram classificadas como acidentais, as espécies acessórias não ultrapassaram 14,81%, enquanto as constantes foram representadas em menos de 11,11% dos desembarques. O rendimento médio estimado das pescarias na região foi de 361 Kg/hora.AbstractTo estimate the production of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus brasiliensis) and its by-catch were accompanied by a landing craft fleet serreira component that acts along the coast of Maranhão and is based in the Raposa. The control landings characterized the composition and abundance of fish in the period January 2009 to December 2010, a total of 17 landings. A total of 27 species belonging to 16 families and eight orders were recorded in the landings. A total of 27 species belonging to 16 families and 8 orders were recorded in the landings. Regarding weight, the family Scombridae surpassed the others, representing 50.02% of the biomass, then the Sciaenidae (21.60%) andCarangidae (11.13%). Six species account for approximately 81% of total landings, most abundant being Scomberomorus brasiliensis, Cynoscion microlepidotus and Sarda sarda. Of the species caught, 74.07% were classified as accidental, the species accessory did not exceed 14.81%, while the constants were represented in less than 11.11% of the landings. The estimated average yield of the fisheries in the region was 361 kg / hour.

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