No abstract

Basicamente, os determinantes dos investimentos diretos externos (IDE) podem ser relativos às firmas e a características dos países de origem - push factors - ou a fatores locacionais - pull factors. A maior parte da literatura teórica relativa a empresas multinacionais nos últimos quarenta anos, justamente por focar sua atenção nas empresas, enfatizou os fatores relacionados a vantagens das firmas, dando pouca importância aos fatores macroeconômicos. O objetivo desse trabalho é estimar, com base em dados em painel para 33 países para o período 1975-2000, os principais determinantes dos IDEs em direção aos países em desenvolvimento. Fatores como o tamanho e o ritmo de crescimento do produto, a qualificação da mão de obra, a receptividade em relação ao capital externo, o risco do país e o desempenho das bolsas de valores estão entre os principais determinantes de IDE. Além disso, por meio da aplicação de uma teste de causalidade no contexto de dados em painel, foi possível mostrar que o investimento direto externo não tem efeito positivo sobre o PIB. Ao contrário, esse procedimento lidade mostrou que o PIB do país é que tem efeito sobre a entrada de IDE.
Basically, foreign direct investments (FDI) determinants may be referred to firms and country characteristics - push factors - or to locational factors - pull factors. Most of theoretical literature relative to multinational enterprises in the last forty years, has emphasized firms advantages, giving no weight to macroeconomic factors. The purpose of this paper is to estimate, based on panel data of 33 countries for the period 1975-2000, the main determinants of FDI inflows in developing economies. Factors as size and pace of growth of economic activity, the level of labor qualification, friendly policies towards foreign capital, country risk and stock market performance are the main determinants of FDI. In addition, a causality test, in the special context of panel data, has shown that FDI does not cause economic growth. On the contrary, it has been verified that economic growth causes FDI

Resumo Códigos JEL F14; O30; O31. AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to supply evidence favoring the hypothesis that innovation contributes positively to export performance when we control for endogeneity and selection bias by means of instrumental variables and Heckman selection model, for a sample of fi rms for Latin America and Eastern Europe. Evidence support the existence of a behavior pattern among fi rms in both regions. Size, age and foreign capital share have a positive infl uence on export decision. There is also a positive relationship between innovation and the likelihood of fi rms becoming exporters. Based on Heckman procedure, we also fi nd evidence that innovative fi rms are more likely to become exporters but once they become exporters, the export intensity (relative to sales) affect negatively the result, only to Latin America countries.

Exports and innovation: an analysis for Latin America and South-Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of Latin America and South-Southeast Asia countries over the past three decades with respect to technological intensity of their exports. The main contribution of this paper is to construct an indicator of technological intensity to allow adequate measurement of the degree of knowledge content of exports from both regions. This indicator was calculated for all sample countries for the period 1983-2008, based on data from Comtrade/ WITS and clearly show how Asian countries have a technological intensity of their exports much higher than the Latin American countries.Keywords: innovation; learning; exports; technological intensity; productivity. JEL Classification: F14. INTRODUçãOO comércio mundial cresceu a um ritmo bastante acelerado nos últimos 14 anos. Entre 1994 e 2008, em termos reais, as exportações globais cresceram a um ritmo médio anual de 7,8%, ao passo que, entre 1980 e 1993, essa taxa foi de apenas 3,6%, de acordo com dados do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI). Esse crescimento apresenta dois aspectos que merecem ser destacados.Em primeiro lugar está o grande crescimento das exportações de produtos intensivos em tecnologia (ver UNCTAD, 2002a, cap. 6

China: stability and economic growth. China experienced an extraordinary economic growth since 1978, while keeping inflation low. Which are the main determinants for this performance and to what point has macroeconomic policy been responsible? Obviously, many factors have been important although none of them may be appointed as the sole determinant. The paper also argues whether China would be able to keep this pace of growth or will slow down, like many other Asian countries. It is argued that China will maintain her average rate of growth in the near future