The research aims to identify if the accumulation of protective and/or risk factors might predict the risk of recidivism in juvenile delinquents and determine the relative weight of both types of factors in the predictions themselves. The risk of criminal recidivism was assessed with the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth—SAVRY—instrument based on a sample of 192 Adolescents in Conflict with the Law—ACLs—held in juvenile detention centers in the Valencian Community (Spain). The results show that protective variables have greater relative consistency than risk variables when assessing recidivism risk in ACLs. The paper’s findings enable advances in the identification of antisocial behavior patterns using positive variables, and this in turn involves modifying any intervention proposals made by professionals of juvenile justice because psycho-socio-educational processes can now be dealt with on the basis of the ACLs’ potentialities (protective factors) rather than their deficiencies (risk factors) alone.

Presentamos un estudio original sobre consumo/abstinencia de drogas en adolescentes y su asociación con el riesgo de reincidencia violenta. A una muestra de 192 sujetos se le aplicó el cuestionario SAVRY ¾Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth¾, con el objetivo de analizar la asociación entre el riesgo de reincidencia en delitos violentos y el consumo y abstinencia de drogas. Los resultados mostraron que: el no consumo se asocia al riesgo de reincidencia en delitos violentos intrafamiliares (violencia filioparental de hijos hacia padres), el consumo de cocaína a robo con violencia e intimidación, y el policonsumo de drogas (alcohol, cannabis y cocaína) al riesgo de reincidencia en diferentes delitos, siendo común el ataque contra las personas. Las conclusiones exponen la importancia de la comunicación intrafamiliar y los programas comunitarios de prevención para fortalecer la socialización positiva y desarrollar factores de protección que eviten conductas inadaptadas y delitos violentos.

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