ASBTRACT -(Seed coat morphoanatomy in seven species of Passifl ora L., subgenus Passifl ora (Passifl oraceae)). The morphology and anatomy of the seed coat of seven species of the genus Passifl ora L. were studied in order to evaluate the taxonomic value of seed characters in this genus. Three morphological types of seed coat surfaces were found and seven anatomical patterns are species specifi c, so that, seed coat attributes can be used to distinguish species. Key words: anatomy, morphology, seed RESUMEN -(Morfoanatomia de la cubierta seminal en siete especies de Passifl ora L., subgénero Passifl ora (Passifl oraceae)). Se caracterizó morfológica y anatómicamente la cubierta seminal de siete especies del género Passifl ora L., con la fi nalidad de determinar la utilidad taxonómica de los atributos de la semilla en este género. Se encontraron tres tipos morfológicos en la superfi cie de la cubierta seminal y siete patrones anatómicos diferentes para cada especie. Se concluye que los atributos de la cubierta seminal permiten distinguir especies.
In trees of the seasonally flooded forest of the Mapire River in Venezuela, early flooding induces a reversible diminution in leaf conductance and photosynthetic rate. With the aim of finding an anatomical explanation for the observed responses of leaf gas exchange, the characteristics of emerged leaves developed under drainage or after three months of flooding were examined in the tree species Acosmium nitens, Campsiandra laurifolia, Duroia fusifera, Eschweilera tenuifolia, Pouteria orinocoensis and Symmeria paniculata and in leaves developed only under flooding in Inga spuria and Tachigali davidsei. Anatomy was remarkably similar among species and families and consisted of a bi-layered palisade parenchyma, a 5-6-cell-thick spongy parenchyma and large whole-leaf thickness. Anatomy also resembled that of xerophytes or evergreen species by possessing thick cuticles, large epidermal cells, thickened anticlinal epidermal cell walls and an abundance of sclerenchyma. Leaves of flooded v. un-flooded trees were not qualitatively different. Specific leaf area resembled values of deciduous species in tropical dry forests. No quantitative differences were found between leaves developed in un-flooded and flooded trees, with the exception of a reduction in whole-leaf thickness of E. tenuifolia, P. orinocoensis and S. paniculata and a change in the contribution of palisade parenchyma to leaf thickness in E. tenuifolia. Both stomatal size and density in these exclusively hypostomatous species remained unaffected by flooding. A decrease under flooding in whole-leaf thickness may have resulted in an increase in mesophyll conductance and therefore photosynthetic rate.Key words: flooding, palisade, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, spongy, stomata, tropical trees resuMo anatomia foliar nas árvores de uma floresta estacionalmente inundada na Venezuela. Nas árvores da floresta sazonalmente inundada do rio Mapire em Venezuela, a inundação cedo induz uma diminuição reversível na condutância foliar e na taxa fotossintética. Com o objetivo de encontrar uma explanação anatômica para as respostas observadas na trocas gasosas nas folhas, as características das folhas emersas desenvolvidas sob a drenagem ou após três meses de inundação foram examinadas nas espécies nas espécies arbóreas Acosmium nitens, Campsiandra laurifolia, Duroia fusifera, Eschweilera tenuifolia Pouteria orinocoensis e Symmeria paniculata, e nas folhas desenvolvidas somente sob inundação de Inga spuria e Tachigali davidsei. A anatomia foi notavelmente similar entre as espécies e as famílias e consistiu em um parênquima paliçádico bi-celular, um parênquima lacunoso de 5-6 células e grande espessura da folha inteira. A anatomia assemelhou-se também àquele das xerófitas ou das espécies sempre-verdes possuindo cutículas grossas, células epidérmicas grandes, paredes anticlinais das epidermes engrossadas e uma abundância de esclerênquima. foliar específica assemelhou-se a valores de espécies decíduas em florestas secas tropicais. Nenhuma diferença quantitativa foi encontrada...
Entre 1991 y 1995, bajo la dirección de Mª Amor Beguiristain, del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Navarra, se llevaron a cabo cinco campañas de excavación arqueológica cuyos resultados se dieron a conocer en la Memoria publicada en 2007. En el transcurso de las cuales se recuperaron, además de industria humana y abundantes restos antropológicos de quien es fueron enterrados o depositados en dicho monumento funerario, varios restos de fauna. El presente artículo da a conocer el resultado del análisis de la fauna.
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