A criptococose é uma micose de natureza sistêmica oportunista, considerada uma zoonose causada pelo complexo Cryptococcus neoformans que compreende dois agentes etiológicos, o C. neoformans e o C. gattii, capazes de acometer aves, homens, animais domésticos e silvestres. A infecção ocorre por inalação dos esporos do agente que é frequentemente isolado em excretas de pombos (Columba livia), considerados os reservatórios naturais do fungo. As alterações são encontradas em diversos sistemas do organismo. A criptococose é uma das micoses de mais fácil diagnóstico por apresentar marcado tropismo neurológico, abundância de elementos fúngicos no líquor e nas lesões. Para o tratamento em animais e humanos, as drogas selecionadas são diferenciadas para que não haja a seleção de estirpes resistentes.

A total of 120 Pekin ducks were distributed at random into four experimental groups, vaccinated or not against Newcastle disease (ND): G1 (Ulster 2C strain), G2 (B1 strain), G3 (LaSota strain), and G4 (nonvaccinated group). At 60 days of age, all groups were challenged with a pathogenic ND virus (NDV) suspension, and a group of specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks (G5) was also inoculated. Cloacal and tracheal swabs from all birds were collected after six, 14, 20, and 30 days post-challenge for virus isolation. NDV was isolated in 100% of SPF chicks. Pekin ducks from all groups, vaccinated or not, did not show any ND clinical signs, demonstrating that these birds are not susceptible to ND clinical disease. In the control group (G4), the virus was isolated 20 to 30 days after challenge, suggesting their possible NDV carrier state. In the vaccinated groups, no virus was isolated. This demonstrates that vaccination of white Pekin ducks against NDV is important to reduce NDV shedding in the field

The study was divided into three experiments. In the first one, broilers were distributed into six groups and vaccinated against infectious bursal disease at 14 days of age: T1-not vaccinated, T2-Lukert1 (intermediate), T3-Lukert2 (intermediate plus), T4-228E, T5-V877 and T6-Winterfield 2512 (“hot” strains). Bursas of Fabricius (BF) were collected at 17, 21, 28 and 35 days to measure BF relative weight (BFRW), diameter, histological examination and image processing analysis (IPA). At one, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age, samples of blood taken from eight birds from each group for serology analysis by ELISA test. Hot strains vaccines induced reduction of BFRW and BF diameter, higher histological score lesion degree, more lymphocyte depletion on the BF follicles and higher IBD antibody titer. In the second experiment, 16 birds from groups T1 to T6 were isolated and challenged with a very virulent strain of IBDV (vvIBDV) at 25 days of age. Only groups T4, T5 and T6 were totally protected against vvIBDV challenge. In the third experiment, the immunosuppressive potential of each vaccine was determined by examining the ability of IBDVvaccinated birds to respond to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination and challenge. None of the vaccines was found to be immunodepressive.

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African Swine Fever is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic and wild swine, and causes mortality rates of up to 100% in the most acute forms. It can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected pigs and contaminated materials, and also by tick vectors. It is considered endemic in Africa but has been causing new outbreaks in Europe, Asia and even Central America in recent years. It is a global threat, because there is no vaccine or treatment for this disease. The recommendation of the World Organization for Animal Health is the sanitary slaughter of all exposed animals, causing great socioeconomic damages. Brazil has already registered the virus in the past and is now considered a country free of the disease. Implements restrictive import and biosecurity policies to prevent reintroduction of the virus. Early detection and diagnosis are the keys to preventing the spread of African Swine Fever, which can derail swine farming in a region for years. This study reviews the literature on the disease, with approaches on etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, necropsy findings, diagnostic methods, therapies, and control and prevention strategies.