Experimental studies show that the unsaturated high-fat diet-induced obesity promotes vascular alterations characterized by improving the endothelial L-arginine/Nitric Oxide (NO) pathway. Leptin seems to be involved in this process, promoting vasodilation via increasing NO bioavailability. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that unsaturated high-fat diet-induced obesity does not generate endothelial dysfunction via increasing the vascular leptin/Akt/eNOS signaling. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: control (C) and obese (Ob). Group C was fed a standard diet, while group Ob was fed an unsaturated high-fat diet for 27 weeks. Adiposity, hormonal and biochemical parameters, and systolic blood pressure were observed. Concentration response curves were performed for leptin or acetylcholine in the presence or absence of Akt and NOS inhibitor. Our results showed that an unsaturated high-fat diet promoted a greater feed efficiency (FE), elevation of body weight and body fat (BF), and an adiposity index, characterizing a model of obesity. However, comorbidities frequently associated with experimental obesity were not visualized, such as glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The evaluation of the endothelium-dependent relaxation with acetylcholine showed no differences between the C and Ob rats. After NOS inhibition, the response was completely abolished in the Ob group, but not in the C group. Furthermore, Akt inhibition completely blunted vascular relaxation in the C group, but not in the Ob group, which was more sensitive to leptin-induced vascular relaxation. L-NAME incubation abolished the relaxation in both groups at the same level. Although Akt inhibitor pre-incubation reduced the leptin response, group C was more sensitive to its effect. In conclusion, the high-unsaturated fat diet-induced obesity improved the vascular reactivity to leptin and does not generate endothelial dysfunction, possibly by the increase in the vascular sensitivity to leptin and increasing NO bioavailability. Moreover, our results suggest that the increase in NO production occurs through the increase in NOS activation by leptin and is partially mediated by the Akt pathway.

RESUMOIntrodução: Pesquisas demonstram que a obesidade pode ter início na infância. Além disso, o excesso de peso presente em 50% na infância é fator preditor da obesidade na vida adulta. As consequências são preocupantes pela associação com diversas comorbidades, entre elas, a hipertensão arterial. Estudos mostram que crianças obesas apresentam risco superior de hipertensão arterial em relação às não obesas. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial e sua relação com o sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes estudantes da rede pública do município de Vitória, ES, Brasil. Foram estudados 477 alunos, com idade entre 7 e 17 anos, sendo 42,56% e 57,44% dos gêneros masculino e feminino, respectivamente, selecionados por meio de amostragem estratificada por conglomerados. Métodos: Na análise do perfil antropométrico foram utilizados: percentual de gordura por meio de medida de dobras cutâneas e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Além disso, foi realizada aferição da pressão arterial para classificação da hipertensão arterial. Resultados: Os resultados mostram nos estudantes de Vitória, ES, com sobrepeso, valores pressóricos elevados (limítrofes e hipertensos 1 e 2), representando nos gêneros masculino e feminino 21,1% (PAS: 112 ± 10,4 mmHg e PAD: 65,6 ± 8,91 mmHg) e 19,2% (PAS: 108 ± 12,1 mmHg e PAD: 65,6 ± 8,90 mmHg), respectivamente. No entanto, nos estudantes obesos, a prevalência foi maior, abrangendo 26,3% (PAS: 113 ± 11,3 mmHg e PAD: 67,8 ± 10,1 mmHg) no gêneros masculino e 25% (PAS: 108 ± 14,4 mmHg e PAD: 68,3 ± 10,2 mmHg) no feminino. Conclusão: Os achados relatados neste estudo mostram altos índices de crianças e adolescentes acometidos tanto por excesso de peso quanto pela hipertensão arterial. Estes resultados sugerem a implementação de medidas preventivas e de tratamento dos fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes do município de Vitória, ES. Descritores

Objective: To describe the profi le of women in relation to their living conditions, health status and socio-demographic profi le, correlating it with the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of post-cesarean surgical site infection, identifying information to be considered in the puerperium consultation performed by nurses and proposing a roadmap for the systematization of care. Method: Quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective review of medical records of women who had cesarean deliveries in 2014, in the city of São Paulo. Results: 89 medical records were analyzed, 62 of them with incomplete information. In 11, there was at least one of the signs and symptoms suggestive of infection. Conclusion: Given the results of the study, the systematization of puerperal consultation is essential. The roadmap is an instrument that can potentially improve the quality of service and the recording of information. Descriptors: Primary Health Care; Cesarean Section; Puerperal Infection; The Role of the Nursing Professional; The Health of Women. RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfi l das mulheres em relação às suas condições de vida, de saúde e perfi l sociodemográfi co, correlacionando com a presença de sinais e sintomas sugestivos de infecção do sítio cirúrgico pós-cesariana, identifi car informações a serem consideradas na consulta de puerpério realizada pelo enfermeiro e propor um roteiro para a sistematização da assistência. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva, transversal e retrospectiva de revisão de prontuários de mulheres que tiveram parto cesariano em 2014, no município de São Paulo. Resultados: 89 prontuários foram analisados, 62 deles com informações incompletas. Em 11, houve a presença de, pelo menos, um dos sinais e sintomas sugestivos de infecção. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados do estudo, a sistematização da consulta puerperal é imprescindível. O roteiro é um instrumento que pode potencialmente melhorar a qualidade do atendimento e o registro das informações. Descritores: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Cesárea; Infecção Puerperal; Papel do Profi ssional de Enfermagem; Saúde da Mulher. RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el perfi l de las mujeres en relación con sus condiciones de vida, de salud, así como el perfi l sociodemográfi co, que correlacionan con la presencia de signos y síntomas sugestivos de infección del sitio quirúrgico post-cesárea; identifi car informaciones a ser consideradas en la consulta de puerperio realizada por el enfermero y proponer un itinerario para la sistematización de la asistencia. Método: Investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria, descriptiva, transversal y retrospectiva de revisión de prontuarios de mujeres que tuvieron parto cesárea en 2014, en el municipio de São Paulo. Resultados: Se analizaron 89 prontuarios, 62 de ellos con informaciones incompletas. En 11 de ellos, hubo la presencia de al menos uno de los signos y síntomas sugestivos de infección. Conclusión: Ante los resultados del estudio, la sistematización de la consulta...

BackgroundDiet-induced obesity is frequently used to demonstrate cardiac dysfunction. However, some rats, like humans, are susceptible to developing an obesity phenotype, whereas others are resistant to that.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between obesity resistance and cardiac function, and the impact of obesity resistance on calcium handling.MethodsThirty-day-old male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups, each with 54 animals: control (C; standard diet) and obese (four palatable high-fat diets) for 15 weeks. After the experimental protocol, rats consuming the high-fat diets were classified according to the adiposity index and subdivided into obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR). Nutritional profile, comorbidities, and cardiac remodeling were evaluated. Cardiac function was assessed by papillary muscle evaluation at baseline and after inotropic maneuvers.ResultsThe high-fat diets promoted increase in body fat and adiposity index in OP rats compared with C and OR rats. Glucose, lipid, and blood pressure profiles remained unchanged in OR rats. In addition, the total heart weight and the weight of the left and right ventricles in OR rats were lower than those in OP rats, but similar to those in C rats. Baseline cardiac muscle data were similar in all rats, but myocardial responsiveness to a post-rest contraction stimulus was compromised in OP and OR rats compared with C rats.ConclusionObesity resistance promoted specific changes in the contraction phase without changes in the relaxation phase. This mild abnormality may be related to intracellular Ca2+ handling.

BackgroundMobility of fat deposited in adipocytes among different fatty territories can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. Our goal was to investigate which of the remaining fat pads assume the role of accumulating lipids after surgical removal of parietal WAT (lipectomy; LIPEC) in rats of both sexes displaying MSG-induced obesity.MethodsThe animals entered the study straight after birth, being separated according to gender and randomly divided into CON (control, saline-treated) and MSG (monosodium glutamate-treated) groups. Next, the animals underwent LIPEC or sham-operated surgery (SHAM). Obesity was induced by the injection of MSG (4 mg/g/day) during neonatal stage (2nd to 11th day from birth). LIPEC was performed on the 12th week, consisting in the withdrawal of parietal WAT. On the 16th week, the following WATs were isolated and collected: peri-epididymal-WAT (EP-WAT); parametrial-WAT (PM-WAT); omental-WAT (OM-WAT); perirenal-WAT (PR-WAT) and retroperitoneal-WAT (RP-WAT).ResultsThe adiposity index was significantly increased in both male (3.2 ± 0.2** vs 1.8 ± 0.1) and female (4.9 ± 0.7* vs 2.6 ± 0.3) obese rats compared to their respective control groups. LIPEC in obese animals produced fat accumulation in visceral fat sites in a more accentuated manner in female (3.6 ± 0.3** vs 2.8 ± 0.3 g/100 g) rather than in male (1.8 ± 0.2* vs 1.5 ± 0.1 g/100 g) rats compared to obese non-lipectomized animals. Among the visceral WATs, the greater differences were observed between gonadal WATs of obese lipectomized rats, with higher accumulation having been observed in PM-WAT (2.8 ± 0.3* vs 2.1 ± 0.2 g/100 g) rather than in EP-WAT (1.0 ± 0.1 ± 0.9 ± 0.1 g/100 g) when compared to obese non-lipectomized animals.ConclusionsThe results of the present study led us to conclude that obesity induced by MSG treatment occurs differently in male and female rats. When associated with parietal LIPEC, there was a significant increase in the deposition of visceral fat, which was significantly higher in obese female rats than in males, indicating that fat mobility among WATs in lipectomized-obese rats can occur more expressively in particular sites of remaining WATs.