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Through a prospective study, structural issues that move Amazonia’s ecological and cultural complexity and its internationalization are analyzed in this article. Its predatory development in a global context permeated by sustainability is presented. It shows that capitalism has no heuristic reach to economically exploit Amazonia preserving its biomes. It prioritizes issues such as: What are the political foundations that permeate Amazonia’s global economic insertion? What are its links with the scientific and technological processes imbricated in worldwide environmentalism? Many proposals and uncertainties concerning Amazonia’s ecological issues are presented. The environmental and social impacts of the large socioeconomic development projects implemented in the region are shown. Technical elements to clarify the sustainability concept and its correlation with the development of Amazonia are presented and analyzed. Amazonia’s importance for the future of Brazil and the mankind, and the controversies on political and economic issues that impede its economic development are also discussed.

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">This essay analyzes the historical connections that have articulated the foundations of natural sciences and the technology in worldwide ambit during the 20st century. The need to construct new educational and philosophical conceptions compromised with the sustainability and the future of the planet and the humanity is treated in this essay. The limitations of natural sciences in the solution of complex problems of the humanity are questions also shown in this study. </span><span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN">Finally</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN"> <span>the importance</span> <span>of education</span> <span>for the construction</span> <span>of the economic and social development has been emphasized</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-GB">.</span>