RESUMOA alfaxalona é um esteroide neuroativo sintético capaz de induzir a anestesia por meio da ativação de receptores de ácido gama-aminobutírico. Tem como efeito adverso mínimo depressão respiratória e cardiovascular. A alfaxalona também não promove crescimento bacteriano. Essa revisão teve por objetivo relatar o uso clínico de alfaxalona em pequenos animais (cães e gatos), através da sua farmacocinética, farmacodinâmica, doses e vias de administração, uso na indução, analgesia promovida, utilização em infusão contínua, como ocorre a recuperação e o uso em cesárias, promovendo o conhecimento sobre esse fármaco e seus benefícios para os veterinários brasileiros. Em conclusão a utilização de alfaxalona na rotina anestésica de pequenos animais possui diversas vantagens, desde que sejam atentados os efeitos adversos para cada individualidade do paciente e ocorra a implantação de um protocolo correto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: anestesia, cão, gato. THE USE OF ALFAXALONE IN SMALL ANIMALS ABSTRACTAlfaxalone is a synthetic neuroactive steroid capable of inducing anesthesia through the activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. It has as adverse effect only a minimal respiratory depression, presenting mainly apnea. However, it promotes minimal cardiovascular depression soon after induction. Alfaxalone also does not promote bacterial growth. This review aimed to report the clinical use of alfaxalone in small animals (dogs and cats), through its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, doses and routes of administration, use in induction, promoted analgesia, use in continuous infusion, recovery and use in cesareans. Aiming to promote knowledge about this drug and its benefits for Brazilian veterinarians. In conclusion, the use of alfaxalone in the anesthetic routine of small animals has several advantages, as long as the adverse effects for each individuality of the patient are observed and the implementation of a correct protocol occurs.
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