By-catch is one of the main sources of anthropogenic mortality in marine species of conservation concern worldwide. Between 2006 and 2008, the Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) coordinated a monitoring programme of cetacean by-catch in Italian pelagic trawlers, funded in compliance with European Regulation 812/2004. Sixteen independent observers monitored a total of 3141 hauls. The observation coverage ranged between 0.9 and 6.3% of the regional fishing effort. Almost all by-catch events were recorded in the northern Adriatic Sea. By-catch rates of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) were 0.0006 and 0.0255 individuals per haul, respectively. Given the low number of observed deaths, reliable estimates of total mortality for these two species were not obtained. The annual number of by-caught turtles was 863 (CV=0.15), with 99% released alive. A ‘hotspot’ for turtle captures was found off Goro (south Venice). The existence of lethal interactions makes it important to understand whether the scale of this mortality is sufficient to pose a threat at population level. Finally, annual by-catch estimates for rays and sharks were 5436 (CV=0.08) and 5414 (CV=0.15), respectively. Thintail threshers (Alopias vulpinus), piked dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and smooth-hounds (Mustelus mustelus), which are both commercial and vulnerable to overfishing, were taken in large numbers

In this paper, I discuss three main issues concerning Frege's arguments in Grundgesetze, Section 10. (1) I argue against the view according to which Frege's procedure is insufficient to guarantee that names of extensions (or, more generally, names of value‐ranges) are really referential. (2) I discuss whether Frege meant to include other kinds of objects besides truth‐values and value‐ranges in the range of first‐order variables of his logical system. Finally, (3) I challenge the view according to which Frege's decision to make some stipulations concerning the identity of value‐ranges is incompatible with his alleged Platonism. Central to my approach is an elucidation of Frege's views on logical objects.

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