The authors report on the case of a 38-year-old woman who had experienced incapacitating pulsatile tinnitus in the left ear for 6 months. Angiographic studies revealed a wide-necked venous aneurysm of the left transverse-sigmoid sinus. Solitary stent placement across the aneurysm neck resulted in a slight modification in the lesion's characteristics. A second session, in which embolization with Guglielmi Detachable Coils was performed, resulted in a 100% occlusion of the aneurysm, with patency of the parent vessel and resolution of the tinnitus.

La pandemia de investigación del 2020: Un análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones sobre COVID-19 y su impacto científico durante los primeros meses

Anatomical variations of the internal carotid artery are diverse. Abnormalities in their geometry and paths are commonly identified by ultrasonography and angiography. The surgical correction of symptomatic CAs is better in preventing stroke compared with best medical therapy, as well as it completely eliminates the symptoms in patients with nonhemispheric symptoms.The ICA anomalies may be dangerous and represent a risk factor for massive bleeding. Suture ligatures can penetrate and occlude torn vessels, scalpels or biting instruments can lacerate vessels, and indirectly conducted electric cauterization can burn the soft of bony tissues.

Object The cumulative experience worldwide indicates complete radiosurgical obliteration rates of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) ranging from 35 to 90%. The purpose of this study was to propose a strategy to increase the obliteration rate for AVMs through the dynamic definition of the key target volume (KTV). Methods A prospective series of patients harboring an AVM was assessed using digital subtraction angiography in which a digital counter was used to measure the several stages of the frame-by-frame circulation time. All the patients were analyzed using dynamic measurement planning to define the KTV, corresponding to the volume of the shunt with the least vascular resistance and the earliest venous drainage. All patients underwent catheter-based angiography, a subgroup was additionally assessed by means of a superselective catheterization, and among these a further subgroup received embolization. The shunts were also categorized according to their angioarchitectural type: fistulous, plexiform, or mixed. The authors applied the radiosurgery-based grading system (RBGS) as well to find a correlation with the obliteration rate. Results This series includes 44 patients treated by radiosurgery; global angiography was performed for all patients, including dynamic measurement planning. Eighty-four percent of them underwent superselective catheterization, and 50% of the total population underwent embolization. In the embolized arm of the study, the pretreatment volume was up to 120 ml. In patients with a single treatment, the mean volume was 8.5 ml, and the median volume was 6.95 ± 4.56 ml (mean ± standard deviation), with a KTV of up to 15 ml. For prospectively staged radiosurgery, the mean KTV was 28 ml. The marginal radiation dose was 18–22 Gy, with a mean of dose 20 Gy. The mean RBGS score was 1.70. The overall obliteration rate was 91%, including the repeated radiosurgery group (4 patients), in which 100% showed complete obliteration. The overall permanent deficit was 2 of 44 patients, 1 in each group. Conclusions Dynamic definition of the KTV might increase the obliteration rate, even in complex AVMs, allowing the treatment of smaller volumes off the recruitment vessels (pseudonidus). By using this technique, the authors avoided double-blind treatment, where the neurosurgeon does not know precisely which type of lesion he or she is irradiating and the interventionalist does not know why and what he or she is embolizing.

✓ Vascular complications after percutaneous injection procedures for relief of trigeminal neuralgia are varied, ranging from puncture of arterial or venous structures to carotid-cavernous fistulas. The authors present a patient in whom an external carotid artery fistula occurred after a microcompression procedure for the treatment of a left-sided trigeminal neuralgia. This is believed to be the first case of this complication secondary to a percutaneous injection procedure for relief of facial pain.