One of the paths chosen by businesses to increase their competitiveness through innovation is by encouraging employees to adopt a more entrepreneurial attitude. Although studies on Entrepreneurial Orientation have brought important contributions, anecdotal evidences of entrepreneurial employees not affected by corporate initiatives drive attention to managers' roles in developing entrepreneurial behavior. We found good possible explanations in the theory Induced vs. Autonomous Entrepreneurial Behavior. Thus, the objective of this study is to empirically analyze the factors that inhibit or encourage entrepreneurial behavior. These factors arose from empirical research and were consolidated based on a literature review. This is a qualitative study whose data were collected in interviews carried out with 15 executives from different businesses in Brazil. The results showed that, while some Entrepreneurially Oriented practices can induce employees to adopt entrepreneurial behavior, autonomous behavior intrapreneurs are mostly stimulated by manager attitude. Managers use different approaches depending on the type of intrapreneur whose entrepreneurial behavior is intended to be stimulated, leading to the conclusion that managers, in some cases, play an important role in promoting Corporate Entrepreneurship.
Resumo Analisa-se a influência do capital humano do empreendedor, o seu capital social e a adoção de práticas gerenciais na sobrevivência de empresas em seus primeiros anos de atividade. De forma inédita, verifica-se como o efeito desses fatores varia de acordo com o gênero, masculino ou feminino, do empreendedor. Usando uma base de 2.000 empresas cadastradas na Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (Jucesp), entre 2003 e 2007, foram ajustados dois modelos econométricos para mensurar o efeito dessas variáveis na sobrevivência de empresas nascentes. Os resultados sugerem que a adoção de práticas gerenciais e alguns aspectos ligados ao capital humano do empreendedor podem favorecer a sobrevivência da empresa. O efeito de competências superiores e capital social sobre a sobrevivência foram maiores para mulheres do que para homens. Os resultados sugerem que empreendedoras enfrentam mais barreiras à constituição de novos negócios, exigindo, portanto, configurações distintas de recursos para atenuar essas barreiras e aumentar a probabilidade de sobrevivência das empresas nascentes.
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