The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to examine samples from field cases of fowlpox for the presence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The S-strain fowlpox vaccine, known to be contaminated with REV, served as a positive control. Fowlpox virus was grown from field samples and vaccines by inoculation of embryonated hen eggs by the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route. DNA was extracted from the CAM lesions and examined for REV proviral sequences using primers specific for the long terminal repeats of REV. Amplicons of the expected length were detected in all the 45 field samples from poultry and in the S strain vaccine. Two other vaccines and two isolates from wild birds contained no detectable REV sequences. The PCR products from the vaccine and one field isolate were sequenced and were identical. These products showed 81 to 87.5% homology with the published sequences for the long terminal repeats of REV. It was not determined whether the REV proviral DNA was integrated with cellular DNA, fowlpox DNA or both. Inoculation of day-old chickens with the S-strain vaccine resulted not only in the production of fowlpox lesions but also feathering defects and proventriculitis. This suggests that the REV present in the vaccine is replication competent. Problems being encountered with protection from fowlpox following vaccination in Australia might be attributed to simultaneous challenge with fowlpox virus and REV.

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Psychological, neurological, and social impairments caused by dementia may limit the person's everyday living and experiences, but their capacity to enjoy a meaningful life is still retained. Increasingly, evidence has been shown the importance of reablement approaches to care in maximizing the older person's independence, health, and well-being through increased engagement in their daily, physical, social, and community activities. However, there is a major knowledge gap in providing reablement for people living with dementia. We describe one case of a client with moderate dementia and her daughter carer who participated as a dyad in a person centered, interdisciplinary, and reablement program called I-HARP (Interdisciplinary home-based reablement program). I-HARP is designed to improve functional capacity of those community dwelling, older people living with dementia, and other health conditions. In this paper, we discussed key contributions that such a reablement approach to care can make to optimizing the social health of people living with dementia.

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During a Salmonella survey in a large integrated poultry organization it was observed that a significant correlation existed between Salmonella serotypes isolated from the raw feed ingredients and those from finished carcases. A number of serotypes hitherto unrecognized in the organization were detected in the raw feed ingredients, and were later recognized in live birds and carcases from the processing plant. It appears that a significant reduction in carcase contamination rate could be achieved by minimizing Salmonella in the meal and grain constituents of poultry feed.