From the end of 2020 until July 2021, the first phase of a study that evaluated the hydrogeological potential in tropical dry forest (TDF) areas took place in the bosque seco tropical (BS-T), which was associated with the Cauca River Canyon in the jurisdiction of Corantioquia. Based on the litho-structural evaluation of the area, hypotheses were established by which conditions of greater or lesser aquifer potential were assigned according to the different types of geological materials present. The first step to confirm these hypotheses was an inventory of groundwater points. The results indicated the existence of more than 1172 points, including springs, hand-dug wells, galleries and wells.Relating the occurrence of these water points with the lithological units, approximately 560 points in Quaternary deposits and rocks of the Amagá Formation and the Urrao Member of the Penderisco Formation were found; 146 were located in volcano-sedimentary deposits of the Combia Formation, and more than 466 were associated with hard rocks. It is thus concluded that in the study area, the igneous and metamorphic rocks, intensely affected by tectonic effects, have gained permeability conditions, which was evidenced by field observations, which confer aquifer conditions. This finding provides new research perspectives toward fractured environments and presents groundwater as a main and alternative source to meet the needs of the population, in addition to playing a fundamental role in terms of the ecosystem sustainability of the tropical dry forest.
La recarga potencial de aguas subterráneas se estima comúnmente mediante balances hídricos por unidad hidrogeológica. La mayoría de los estudios en Antioquia (Colombia) se refieren a la recarga en depósitos aluviales o unidades de rocas sedimentarias. En 2020 se inició la evaluación del potencial hidrogeológico en zona de influencia del bosque seco tropical en el cañón del río Cauca, en jurisdicción de Corantioquia, incluyendo estimaciones regionales de recarga potencial por precipitación. La estimación de la recarga se realizó a través de un modelo distribuido de balance de humedad en el suelo a escala diaria, en el que se incorporó de manera eficiente la variabilidad espaciotemporal de las condiciones meteorológicas de la región, así como la variabilidad espacial de las propiedades de superficie, como suelos, coberturas terrestres y topografía. Entre 2013 y 2020 se estimaron tasas de recarga anual que varían espacialmente entre 5 mm/año y 2000 mm/año, lo que representa entre 0,4 % y 45 % de la precipitación, con promedio espacial y multianual de 342 mm/año (17 % de la precipitación). Los acuíferos de la Formación Penderisco se caracterizan por recarga potencial media anual entre 284 mm (al noroeste) y 756 mm (al suroeste); los acuíferos de la Formación Combia presentan tasas de recarga media anual de 456 mm; el Acuífero Libre del Occidente Antioqueño y otros asociados a depósitos cuaternarios registran tasas de recarga media anual de 36 mm. El comportamiento evidenciado de recarga en la zona favorece la condición de flujos regionales entre unidades hidrogeológicas y ratifica el potencial hidrogeológico significativo de diversas unidades de rocas duras fracturadas.
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