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The simultaneous rise in commodity prices and the global production of biofuels, between 2007 and 2008, strengthened discussions, which persist currently, about the competition of land use between biofuel production and food production. The objective of this paper is to compare and evaluate the arguments from both sides. The methodology used was an analysis of the relevant and comprehensive reports and manuscripts on the topic, comparing them to the available data from international organizations and agencies. Biodiesel received special attention in this analysis. The conclusion is that hunger and poverty problems are due to structural and historical roots and they do not have a cause-effect relationship with biodiesel production. In fact, the production of biodiesel, under specific regulatory and production conditions, can be a driver of economic development improving energy security and promoting social inclusion in poor countries, which still have land available for agriculture.

The purpose of this article is to analyze whether the Brazilian public policies (PP), materialized in the innovation program (RD&I) of the SEB through the R&DP and EEP, contribute or not to the Brazilian government's fulfillment of the commitments made with Agenda 2030 and the NDC goals, together with the Paris Agreement, concerning SDG 7.The methodological procedures adopted were bibliographic and documental research, involving the legislation that guides the RD&I regulated by ANEEL, as well as the analysis of 30 R&DP projects and 1,026 EEP projects. The R&DP has proven not to be aligned with the goals of Agenda 2030, especially with regard to the development of a culture of innovation in the SEB, besides being disconnected from the rest of the world in terms of the type and model adopted for innovation, patent generation, and continuous improvement.It showed improvement only in the profile of human resources used in the program. The EEP presented results aligned with Agenda 2030 and SDG 7 and Brazil's NDC, through the following indicators: i) investment avoided in energy generation; ii) energy saved; iii) demand withdrawn from the peak; iv) energy conserved.In addition, there are results in line with SDG 9 and 13 such as an increase in the supply of renewable energy and reduction of CO2e emissions in the system.