Persistence and dropout are two sides of the same coin. Together with personal and social factors, associated with the quality of teaching provided by universities determine students' ability to persist in achieving their academic degree or, on the contrary, to drop out of university studies. Our working hypothesis is that the impact on improving the quality of teaching by considering neurodidactic factors, which are currently being researched and experimented with, can improve the overall persistence rate by reducing the dropout rate. In this preliminary study, we intend to make a first approach to the phenomenon of academic failure in Andalusian universities from the prediction and diagnosis of risk groups and the recommendation of preventive measures. Among the measures we proposed for prevention, we highligh those that have an impact on neurodidactic factors. Our work consisted of applying an instrument to diagnose the risk of dropping out of university studies to a sample of first-year university students in Andalusian universities. The instrument was applied at the beginning of the second semester. Out of the 976 students surveyed, we have established a risk group of 34 students. We will propose measures oriented towards the neurodidactics factors that predict dropout and call for the use of ICT in the implementation of preventive measures.
El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características del cambio paradigmático que se está produciendo en la Educación Superior y sus efectos para la profesionalización y la calidad docente. El estudio se basa en tres ámbitos de la acción política y en sus correspondientes fundamentos teóricos que están explicando parte de la transformación de las instituciones de Educación Superior y de la profesión académica y que, de manera integrada, constituyen un nuevo modelo o paradigma. Se trata de: (a) el efecto de las políticas de acreditación y evaluación basada en estándares; (b) la extensión del movimiento SoTL (Scholarship of Teaching and Learning); (c) la aparición de nuevos espacios regionales de integración de la Educación Superior que trasladan el foco de la transferibilidad desde los programas de enseñanza a los resultados de aprendizaje. El modelo de investigación adoptado es de naturaleza descriptiva, explicativa. La investigación se realiza en el marco de un proyecto de I+D+i del Programa Operativo FEDER, en el que participan 28 universidades (9 de Andalucía, 6 del resto de España y 13 de América Latina) y 21 equipos de investigación. En esta investigación se emplea para la recogida de información un cuestionario y una entrevista oral en profundidad. El cuestionario ya ha sido utilizado en estudios previos que nos sirven de antecedente. En esta comunicación se presentan los resultados previos más pertinentes para el proyecto.
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