The population explosion, rapid urbanization rate and the increase in economic activities in Kathmandu Valley have created serious problems in various aspects, including solid waste management and energy deficiency. Despite the existence of distinct link between waste and energy, the "waste to energy" concept is still viewed as an inferior method in Nepal. The government and other concerned stakeholders pay more attention towards the development of hydropower, the major source of electricity production in Nepal. This paper intends to link between solid waste management and inadequacy in energy supply. Kathmandu Valley produces about 620 tons/day solid waste from its five municipalities. The study has shown some opportunities for Kathmandu Valley to convert its solid waste into energy. Even if only organic waste is treated, it produces energy sufficient to light more than 1000 houses in Kathmandu Valley. The quantity of waste, its heat content, the need of additional energy supply, the support from government and service users are some openings that hopefully can contribute to resolving the problems of solid waste and energy supply in Kathmandu Valley.

Abstract. Rapid urbanization has made Kathmandu Valley one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities in South Asia, resulting in the need of additional facilities and infrastructure. The local energy crisis is one of the issues to be addressed. High dependence on imported fossil fuels and the sluggish development of hydropower for electricity generation despite abundant water resources are the major causes to be blamed for the energy crisis in Nepal. This study investigated possible strategies to be implemented in Kathmandu Valley to deal with the discrepancy between energy demand and supply. Several scenarios have been developed and analyzed, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The Comprehensive Scenario, which borrowed from all other developed scenarios, seems superior to the others. It reduces the energy demand by 32.36%, the GHG emission by 44.12%, and the social cost by 33.79%. This scenario implies that the Kathmandu Valley authority will support the installation of photovoltaic solar panels, the use of electric vehicles and electric cookers, and convert solid waste into energy. However, the EV Scenario (electric vehicles) is the one to be given priority in the implementation for its better performance than the other individual scenarios. Based on the reviews of background and current problems in Kathmandu Valley, the following objectives have been set: 1) to identify variables that may influence energy consumption behavior, 2) to determine energy consumption patterns, 3) to develop scenarios based on the current situation and available resources, 4) to investigate and analyze how the energy system may evolve over time and to propose the best energy scenario for Kathmandu Valley. Keywords Literature ReviewThe issue of energy is always an interesting topic in the sustainable development debate. Study of the relationship between energy and lifestyle started during 1970s in the United States. Sanquist, et al. have statistically examined the relationship between energy consumption and lifestyle factors and found that lifestyle accounts for 40% variation in energy consumption [4]. The inclusion of human behavior was expected to enhance the establishment of energy policies. Age has been studied as a factor that plays an important role in determining energy consumption patterns in households. Toth, et al. have found that young children and teenagers have significantly different energy consumption patterns [5]. The application of scenario analysis in the field of energy planning and management is one of the emerging fields in response to energy crises and security. Scenarios can be built and then compared to assess their energy requirements, social costs and benefits, and environmental impacts [6]. The result of an energy scenario analysis may not give an exact picture of Data Collection and Sampling MethodThis research involved a series of surveys concerning different aspects of energy consumption in urban areas and alternative energy sources. The primary data were obtained through interviews and questionnai...