A Educação Física no Projeto Político-Pedagógico: espaço de participação e reconhecimento da cultura corporal dos alunos. SÃO PAULO 2007

The speed at which knowledge is produced and disseminated, surpassing limits and barriers has led to a scenario of constantly mutation in the world. It is possible to identify, in a generalized way, the influence of neoliberal forces in reorientation of education and curriculum field. In Brazil, the adjustments took place in order to turn their back to social priorities electing the international market. This position generated a discourse in order to structure the education system. In Educational policy of São Paulo, over the years, we have identified different curriculum guidelines and distinct ways of conceiving the role of educators. In each administration, the teachers were "re-trained" with a view not only to the implementation of a "new" curriculum as well as the change in their subjectivities. In 2006 and 2007, the expectations of the references for the development of reading and writing competences, deliberation or learning expectation and curriculum guidelines set up the Physical Education Cultural Curriculum in the Educational County. Seeking success in its implementation, it was defined a teacher training policy based on theoretical and methodological assumptions in line with these documents. Among a tangle of texts and speeches, we position the teacher as responsible for the curriculum development at school. Considering on the one hand that the training policy did not respond to all the educators and, on the other, the lack of data showing its effects, we investigated the curriculum in action. We took to analyze as a Physical Education teacher who attended the training courses offered by the Secretary of Education of São Paulo, in the 2006-2013 period, meant to their pedagogical practice. We opted for a qualitative approach to conduct an ethnography of Physical Education lessons in a public school. The observation, interview and the projective method were used for compiling the data. The perceived emphasis on learning motor aspects, subordinating social and cultural, indicates the incorporation of concepts accessed by the teacher during the initial training. It was also possible to identify the process of recontextualization through a superficial approach to deconstruct discourses that permeate the body practices. However, the production curriculum in the school context gave up largely by the intertwining of senses / meanings. Aligned with the assumptions of the Physical Education Cultural curriculum and the county training policy, the teacher has established a fruitful dialogue between the repertoire of students and representatives of other social groups. Data analysis showed that the teacher produced the Physical Education curriculum from the process of incorporation, re-contextualization and negotiation of meanings. Based on the study and the proposition guise, we are in favor of a coordinated training policy with the curriculum in action, so that the context of the pedagogic practice may emanate themes to be studied and debated in the actions of continuing education. This in turn, to reorganize f...

Esta investigação teve por objetivos elaborar e experimentar uma proposta de Educação Física a partir das finalidades explícitas no Projeto Político-pedagógico de uma escola municipal; analisar criticamente seu encaminhamento e discutir os resultados tanto no que concerne à ação pedagógica empreendida quanto ao percurso formativo da professora colaboradora. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa-ação colaborativa, cujo foco principal recaiu sobre a observação e reconstrução constantes da prática pedagógica e modificações da ação didática. A análise dos resultados obtidos apontou como descoberta relevante a compreensão de que a inserção da Educação Física no Projeto Político-pedagógico da escola requer o alinhamento do currículo do componente com as finalidades institucionais, o reconhecimento da realidade escolar e de seu entorno e a adoção do diálogo como recurso de intervenção. Adotada essa postura, foi constatado que a intervenção colaborativa desencadeou modificações na prática pedagógica, na postura dos alunos, na professora-colaboradora e na pesquisadora.

ResumoEste trabalho pretende discutir a abordagem de controvérsias sociocientíficas em sala de aula a partir da perspectiva centrada no esclarecimento. Para tal, a sociologia de Alan Irwin foi apresentada, e utilizando princípios da filosofia de Bakhtin, procurou-se elucidar os sentidos conferidos por professora e estudantes a controvérsias circulantes sobre o aquecimento global em sequência de dez encontros, especialmente no que diz respeito à relação entre ciência, política e mídia. Constatou-se perplexidade e desconforto com os fatores não-epistêmicos das controvérsias, a ciência sendo tratada como sinônimo de conhecimento verdadeiro, unívoco e objetivo, frequentemente em oposição à política e à mídia, tratadas como artifícios de mascaramento da realidade ou busca pelo poder. Houve um espectro de reações e níveis de consciência distintos por parte dos estudantes, seja sobre a complexidade das controvérsias sociocientíficas, seja sobre a percepção de si mesmos ou sobre o alcance epistêmico dos julgamentos da realidade. Avalia-se a coexistência do argumento democrático para o ensino de ciências para todos com tal perspectiva criticada por Irwin, bem como recomenda-se maiores esforços para o ensino-aprendizagem da natureza da ciência, das relações ciência-politica-mídia e do ceticismo como possível competência a ser educada.Palavras-chave: controvérsias sociocientíficas; perspectiva centrada no esclarecimento; Alan Irwin. AbstractThis work intends to discuss the approach of socio-scientific controversies in the classroom from the perspective centered on enlightenment. To that end, the sociology of Alan Irwin was presented, and using principles of Bakhtin's philosophy, it was tried to elucidate the senses conferred by teacher and students to circulating controversies on global warming in sequence of ten meetings, especially with respect to the relation between science, politics and the media. It was observed perplexity and discomfort with the nonepistemic factors of controversies, science being treated as synonymous with true, univocal and objective knowledge, often in opposition to politics and the media, treated as inclined to masking reality or seeking power. There was a spectrum of reactions and distinct levels of consciousness on the part of the students, whether about the complexity of socio-scientific controversies, about the perception of themselves or about the epistemic scope of the judgments of reality. The coexistence of the democratic argument for the teaching of science for all with such perspective criticized by Irwin is evaluated, as well as greater efforts are recommended for the teaching-learning of the nature of science, science-politic-media relations and skepticism as possible competence to be educated.

The research of this paper was supported by a technique that made use of a data-mining tool and probability theory to group the data and find the relationship in each set. The Naive Bayes technique sort the data by representing them with directed acyclic graphs in which node represent random variables and the arcs represent the direct probabilistic dependencies between each other. The sorting data method is very important when it is necessary to identify the influence, occurrence and importance of a data among a set of data (database). This data mining technique applied at this paper was used to determine the impact of the harmonic distortion of the current due the nonlinear loads present during the production process of a manufacturing facility located at Manaus industrial park. The process of data collecting was conducted by a measurement campaign during a week where the voltage and current of each production process and the sub process that compose the main like the temperature control process were collected and stored for more detailed analysis. The parameters used to analyze the energy quality were based on the module 8 from the Energy Distribution Proceedings (PRODIST), which rules the energy quality at the distribution network. The results of this paper can be used to conduct the countermeasures necessary to fix the current harmonic distortion influence at the voltage and consequently the active power consume reduction of the overall company.