This study aimed to examine relationship between dimensions of temperament and attachment with risk of addiction to substances in a group of 642 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years, and to assess what of these dimensions may act as risk or protective factors. There was a positive correlation between risk to addiction and the temperament dimension of "Novelty seeking", and with attachment dimensions "Self-sufficiency and parental resentment" and "Child trauma". The correlation was negative with "Persistence" (temperament) and "Security" (attachment). "Novelty seeking", "Family concern" and age seem to act as risk factors, whereas "Security" in attachment was a factor of protection. Temperament and attachment dimensions related with a higher risk of addiction significantly correlated with each other; low-risk profiles also correlated.