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1 In the present study, we describe the expression of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) as well as their receptors in PC-3 cells, a human prostate cancer cell line. In addition, we have investigated their role in apoptosis induced by serum starvation. Moreover, VIP and PACAP-27 inhibit genomic DNA fragmentation in PC-3 cells triggered by serum starvation, and increase the immunoreactivity of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2. 5 Our results suggest that VIP and PACAP are autocrine/paracrine factors that protect PC-3 cells from apoptosis through VPAC 1 receptors.

VIP behaves as autocrine/paracrine factor in LNCaP cells by inducing NE differentiation through PKA, ERK1/2, and PI3K.

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