RESUMOThe present paper reports results of the effect of Potato virus X (PVX) on the contents of total phenols and alkaloids in leaves of Datura stramonium. A significant decrease in the contents of phenols and alkaloids was observed in leaves inoculated with PVX (X-I). However, there was an increase in the percentage of phenols in leaves rubbed with phosphate buffer (C1-I) and in leaves from the nodes immediately above, possibly induced by mechanical injury. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy revealed amounts of scopolamine Duarte, L.M.L.; Salatino, M.L.F.; Salatino, A.; Negri, G.; Barradas, M.M. Effect of Potato virus X on total phenol and alkaloid contents in Datura stramonium leaves. Summa Phytopathologica, v.34, n.1, p. [65][66][67] 2008 ABSTRACT in samples submitted to all treatments, except X-I, in which the amount of this alkaloid was low. High amounts of an unidentified compound (molecular ion m/z 302 and a prominent peak at m/z 129) were noted in extracts from leaves X-I, C1-I and leaves from the nodes immediately above the leaves inoculated with PVX. It is suggested that the synthesis and accumulation of the unidentified compound is a result of stress from mechanical injury and virus inoculation.O presente trabalho relata resultados sobre a ação do Potato virus X (PVX) no conteúdo de fenóis totais e alcalóides em folhas de Datura stramonium. Uma diminuição significativa no conteúdo dessas substâncias foi observada nas folhas inoculadas com o PVX (X-I). Entretanto, houve um aumento na porcentagem de fenóis nas folhas friccionadas com tampão fosfato (C1-I) e nas acima das friccionadas, possivelmente induzido por injúria mecânica. v.34, n.1, p.65-67, 2008 Palavras chave: Potexvirus, substâncias fenólicas, alcalóides tropânicos, plantas medicinais quantidades de escopolamina nas amostras submetidas a todos os tratamentos, exceto em X-I, no qual a quantidade deste alcalóide foi baixa. Altas quantidades de uma substância não identificada (íon molecular m/z 302 e um proeminente pico a m/z 129) foram notadas em extratos a partir de folhas dos tratamentos X-I, C1-I e nas acima das inoculadas com o PVX. Sugere-se que a síntese e acúmulo da substância não identificada é um resultado do estresse causado pela injúria mecânica e pelo vírus.
Petunia plants from a nursery in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, showed pronounced vein banding and contained isometric particles with diameters of approximately 45 and 30 nm. The larger ones apparently represent a caulimovirus, while the smaller ones, which included both empty shells and full particles, were identified as those of a new tymovirus for which we propose the name Petunia vein banding virus (PetVBV). Originally, PetVBV was transmitted only with difficulty to healthy petunia plants. However, from an experimentally infected petu-nia, it was later readily transmitted also to Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicandra physalodes, but not to other species in the Solanaceae or other plant families. It produces cytopathic effects typical for tymovirus infections. Its coat protein shows approximately 65% amino acid sequence identity with those of Eggplant mosaic and Andean potato latent viruses, to which it is also serologically more closely related than to any other tymoviruses.
O coleóptero Cerotoma arcuata Oliv. (1791), "vaquinha-preta-e-amarela-da-soja", é descrito no Brasil como vetor de diversos vírus que infectam leguminosas, entre eles o vírus do mosaico severo do caupi ("cowpea severe mosaic Comovirus" - CpSMV). Em 1991, detectou-se uma infecção viral em plantas de Vigna luteola Jacq. (Leguminosae), coletadas no município de Praia Grande, no litoral Sul do Estado de São Paulo e, posteriormente, o vírus foi identificado como um isolado deste Comovirus. Visando fornecer subsídios a uma melhor compreensão do processo de transmissão do fitovírus isolado de V. luteola (CpSMV-SP), foram feitas tentativas de transmissão por diferentes artrópodos, incluindo sete espécies de insetos e uma de ácaro. Determinaram-se altas taxas de transmissão (46,6, 50,0 e 70,0%) do CpSMV-SP em plantas de feijão, por adultos de C. arcuata. O vírus foi transmitido ainda por larvas de 1° ínstar, com taxas de 10,0% (caupi) e 40,0% (feijoeiro). Ausência de transmissão foi constatada nos ensaios por artrópodos pertencentes a outras ordens (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Aphididae; Acari: Tetranychidae; Thysanoptera: Thripidae) e outras espécies de coleópteros (Diabrotica bivittula, D. speciosa e Epicauta atomaria).
-(Ultrastructural analysis of leaves from three species of Solanaceae after inoculation with the tomato white necrosis virus (TWNV -Tymovirus)). The leaf ultrastructure of Nicotiana glutinosa L., Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium L., and Physalis angulata L. inoculated with the tomato white necrosis virus (TWNV -Tymovirus) was analysed. Plants were kept in a greenhouse at 25°C and inoculated with the virus when tree to four leaves were totally developed. Fifteen days after inoculation, samples were collected from the median third of the 3 rd or 4 th leaf from the apex. The samples were prepared for analysis using conventional transmission electron microscope techniques. The ultrastructural analysis of the chlorenquima cells showed vesiculation and vacuolation of the chloroplasts and mitochondria, presence of multivesicular bodies, and a slight dilation of the plasmodesmata in N. glutinosa and L. pimpinellifolium. In these two species, virus-like particles were seen in the cytoplasm and vacuoles. P. angulata plants did not show subcellular alterations. Macroscopic observations, retroinoculation tests, and ultrastructural analysis showed the presence of local and systemic symptoms in N. glutinosa, latency in L. pimpinellifolium, and immunity in P. angulata. RESUMO -(Análise ultra-estrutural de folhas de três espécies de Solanaceae após inoculação com o vírus da necrose branca do tomateiro (VNBT -tymovirus)). Foi estudada a ultra-estrutura foliar das solanáceas Nicotiana glutinosa L., Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium L. e Physalis angulata L. inoculadas com o vírus da necrose branca do tomateiro (VNBT -Tymovirus).As plantas mantidas em casa-de-vegetação com temperatura constante de 25°C foram inoculadas quando apresentavam três a quatro folhas totalmente expandidas. Quinze dias após a inoculação, foram coletadas amostras do terço médio do limbo da 3ª ou da 4ª folha a partir do ápice. As amostras foram preparadas para análise em microscopia eletrônica de transmissão segundo técnicas convencionais. A análise ultra-estrutural das células do clorênquima revelou principalmente vesiculação e vacuolação dos cloroplastos e de mitocôndrias, além da ocorrência de corpos multivesiculares e ligeira dilatação dos plasmodesmos em N. glutinosa e L. pimpinellifolium. Nestas duas espécies foram observadas "virus-like-particles" no citoplasma e nos vacúolos. Plantas de P. angulata não mostraram alterações de ultra-estrutura. As observações macroscópicas, os testes de retroinoculação e as análises ultra-estruturais revelaram sintomas locais e sistêmicos em N. glutinosa, latência em L. pimpinellifolium e imunidade em P. angulata.
A virus causing a severe disease of tomatoes in Argentina was identified as a strain of eggplant mosaic virus (EMV). It resembles the type, Abelia latent and various Andean potato latent strains of EMV in its host range and its transmissibility at allow rate by Epitrix sp. It differs from these strains, however, serologically and in some of its cytopathic effects. In serological agar gel double diffusion tests it proved to be closely related to the tomato white necrosis isolate of EMV studied by Barradas (1983) in Brazil.
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