Objective: To assess the knowledge, awareness and practice level of health care workers towards Corona Virus disease - 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted by administering a well-structured questionnaire comprising of three sections including knowledge, attitude and practice amongst health care professionals in various hospitals and clinics, over a duration of two months ‘Feb-March’ 2020. The data from 810 participants were collected manually as well as through online survey registered on www.surveys.google.com, using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of three sections assessing knowledge, awareness and practice of participants. The descriptive analysis was carried out for demographics and dependent variables with statistical program for social sciences. Spearman test was used to detect any relationship between the health care professional response with respect to their gender and level of education. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: More than half (57.2%) of the health care professionals were working in a hospital setting. Fifty two percent of health care professionals had awareness and 72% were practicing adequate measures to combat COVID-19. The majority (81.9%) believed that the sign and symptoms are similar to a common flu and the main strata of population that could be affected by COVID-19 are elderly (79%). Seventy three percent of participants did not attend any lecture, workshop or seminar on COVID-19 for awareness purpose. Sixty seven percent of health care professionals were practicing universal precaution for infection control and 57.4% were using sodium hypochlorite as a surface disinfectant in dental surgeries. There was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between the health care professionals’ responses with gender and their education level. Conclusion: The study suggests that the vast majority of the health care professionals have adequate knowledge and awareness related to COVID-19. However some aspects of practice of health care professionals were found to be deficient including, following CDC guidelines during patient care, acquiring verified knowledge related to COVID-19, disinfection protocol and the use of N-95 mask. Mandatory Continued professional development programs including lectures and workshops on COVID-19 for all health care professionals are the need of the hour, to manage the pandemic and limiting the morbidity and mortality related to it. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2704 How to cite this:Ahmed N, Shakoor M, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T, Mariam Q, Rehman MA. Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Health care Professionals amid SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus Disease Outbreak. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2704 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objective: To determine the mean distance of mental foramen from the base of the mandible and mandibular symphysis in patients reporting to tertiary care center using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT). Study design and setting: Cross-Sectional Study was carried out in the Prosthodontics Department, Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad from March 2019 to August 2019. Methodology: Total 100 patients between the age of 20-45 years were participated. CBCT investigation was carried out and measurements of mental foramen from the base of the mandible and mandibular symphysis in patients were recorded with the help of measuring tools in the software and noted down on the performa. SPSS version 20 was used analyze the data. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. . Frequency and percentages were calculated for variable gender (qualitative). For quantitative variables like age, distance mental foramen from the mandibular Symphysis and inferior border of mandible, mean + SD were calculated. Independent samples t-test was used to compare quantitative variables like distance MF from the mandibular symphysis/midline and inferior border of mandible. P values < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The Mean+SD distance of anterior border of mental foramen from symphysis on left and right side were 24.12+2.835 and 24.88+2.637 and from the lower border of mandible were 11.97+1.359 and 12.00+1.764 respectively. Conclusion: The mean vertical and horizontal distances calculated in this study can provide a useful guide to dentist to safely place dental implants within the inter-foraminal region in our population

BACKGROUNDMany approaches have been investigated for pain relief after root canal procedure. In this study we compare the effectiveness of premedication drugs, given single dose Piroxicam and Prednisolone separately to evaluate post endodontic pain at different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) using visual analog scale (VAS) after single visit root canal treatment.METHODSTotal number of 120 patients identified with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were made part of this research after signing informed consent. The pain intensity levels were marked through the use of VAS scale before the commencement of treatment. The participants were randomly placed in three groups (n=40) Group I: Control, Group II: Piroxicam (20 mg) and Group III: Prednisolone (20 mg). The drugs were administered thirty minutes before endodontic procedure was initiated. Root canal procedure was carried out followed by placement of provisional restoration on a single appointment. The patients were advised to continue marking their pain intensity levels after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours using VAS. All patients were called for follow up after 4 days for clinical evaluation and placement of permanent restoration. The effectiveness of each drug over different time interval was studied employing repeated measure ANOVA. The significance level was considered p-value <0.05.RESULTSAdministration of pre-medication drug therapy with Piroxicam and Prednisolone was able to successfully alleviate post-endodontic pain. However, the long term effectiveness (96 hours) of both drugs to reduce post-endodontic pain was observed to be statistically insignificant.CONCLUSIONPre-medication with either single dose Piroxicam and Prednisolone was found to be effective against post-endodontic pain, in patients presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This single blinded, randomized clinical trial [registration no. NCT04124822(11/10/2019)] was performed in Operative Dentistry department of Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences.