Natural products have extensive significant attention in recent years due to their various pharmacological activities as cytotoxic [1], hepatoprotective [2], anti-inflammatory [3], anti-pyreticThe parasitic diseases (malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis and onchorcerciasis) in tropical regions have been a dangerous public health problem especially in middle-and low-income countries. These diseases affect millions of people, resulting in thousands of death annually [4][5].Family Bignoniaceae is rich in the secondary metabolites and includes numerous genera of high economic and therapeutic values [6,7]. It is found in tropical and subtropical areas with a few species in temperate climates [8]. It is comprised of 104 genera and 860 species [8]. One of these species is Markhamia platycalyx Sprague (Syn. Dolichandrone platycalyx Baker). M. platycalyx tree, known in Uganda under the native name Lusambia, is said to yield "the finest of local timbers" (Mahon) [9]. By reviewing the literature, some researchers considered M. platycalyx as a synonym of M. lutea, however, a recent study on cultivated plants in Egypt, classified both of them in two different lineages [10].By reviewing the antimalarial and antileishmanial literature of the genus; M. lutea was investigated for many therapeutic activities such as antimalarial [11], antileishmanial [11] and antiviral [12]. Moreover, the stem bark of M. tomentosa had a good antimalarial activity in-vitro [13]. While, nothing could be found for M. platycalyx. This provoked us to carry out extensive studies on this plant including viz., in-vitro antimalarial in addition to antileishmanial activities. Materials and Methods MaterialsAmphotericin B, Chloroquine, Artemisin and Amikacin (Sigma-Aldrish, USA). Solvents used in this work, e.g. light petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and distilled water were purchased from El-Nasr Company for Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals, Egypt. ApparatusRotary evaporator (Laborota Heidolph, Germany) was used for distillation the solvents. Circulating hot-air oven (Carbolite, Germany) was used for drying. Sonicator (Wise Clean WUC

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Introduction:Schistosomiasis is an important parasitic disease in the tropics. Praziquantel is unable to treat the migrating juvenile which stressed the need for new drugs. Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a plant (Randia nilotica) used traditionally to treat migrating juvenile form of schistosoma mansoni. Methods:Sets of experiments were carried out using both aqueous and methanol extracts of R. nilotica and Praziquantel drug to evaluate their efficacy against migrating schistosomulae by different routes of administration and regimens. First group given was 1 ml of 10 000 ppm of aqueous extract orally and intrapratonially from day 2-8 post infection. Second group was given three doses of 1 ml of 500 ppm of methanol extract on day 7, 21 and 35 after infection. The third group of mice was given 7 doses of Praziquantel at 60 mg /kg orally from day 2-8 post infection. Results:It resulted in significant reduction in total worm burden at 50% and 73% respectively. The size of worms was very small. Obvious reduction result in mean eggs counts in liver and intestine per mouse in first group. The total worm burden reduction was 83% but the worms were normal, very active (high motility rate) and no dead worms in second group. The third group of mice, showed non significant reduction in total worm burden which was (29%).The worms were normal, very active. Conclusion:We concluded that the aqueous extract of R. nilotica is highly effective against immature worms of S. mansoni.