Domestic sewage is a major problem in highly urbanized coastal areas worldwide. In the present study, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phases I and II were applied to sediment interstitial water from 2 locations along the São Paulo coast in southeastern Brazil: the sewage outfalls from the city of Santos, a densely urbanized area, and the city of Bertioga, a less urbanized area. An adapted microscale sea urchin embryo-larval development bioassay was employed. Phase TIE-I manipulations were 1) ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) addition, 2) aeration at modified pH, 3) C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE), and 4) addition of Na S O . The results of the Santos TIE-I indicated toxicity by sulfides and substances with affinity to C18 resin. In Bertioga, toxicity was the result of NH , metals, and arsenic, as well as substances with affinity to C18 resin. Phase TIE-II aimed to specify the causes of toxicity by testing the toxicity of eluates of the sublation and C18 SPE manipulation. The results reinforced the role of both surfactants and nonpolar compounds as causative agents of toxicity in both Santos and Bertioga. Chemical analyses of sediment interstitial water or whole sediment ruled out the influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the toxicity of both sampling sites. Other hydrophobic substances may play a role in the toxicity of Santos and Bertioga effluents. Efforts to remove such substances from sanitary effluents must be prioritized. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1820-1832. © 2017 SETAC.

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O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade do sedimento da orla de Santos por meio da realização de ensaios de toxicidade e caracterização da estrutura da comunidade de macrofauna bentônica em 7 pontos localizados nas desembocaduras dos canais de drenagem fluvial nas praias de Santos-SP. Foram realizadas duas campanhas (Verão-Fevereiro de 2008 e Inverno-Julho de 2008). Os ensaios de toxicidade com ouriço-do-mar Lytechinus variegatus foram realizados nos tratamentos elutriato e interface sedimento-água, conforme ABNT NBR 15350/2006. A macrofauna bentônica foi identificada em Mollusca, Crustacea e Polychaeta, e calculadas a densidade média (inds/0,026m²) e dominância de Polychaeta. Nas campanhas de Verão e Inverno, o tratamento interface sedimento-água apresentou toxicidade em todos os pontos, enquanto o tratamento elutriato somente apresentou toxicidade nos pontos 6 e 7. A dominância de polychaeta correlacionou-se negativamente (r =-0,56) com a granulometria e positivamente (r = 0,93) com a matéria orgânica da campanha de inverno, sendo algumas espécies bioindicadoras de ambientes poluídos e anóxicos.

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