Brazilian wheat farming is characterized by a high occurrence of seed-transmitted diseases that can cause significant damage to grain production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seed treatments on the physiological and sanitary quality of wheat cultivar seeds. Seeds from three commercial wheat cultivars (TBIO Sossego, TBIO Sinuelo, and TBIO Toruk) were used, along with four seed treatments (Control, Chemical, Biological, and Chemical + Biological). The physiological quality of the seeds was determined based on first germination count, germination percentage, quantification of abnormal seedlings, shoot and radicle length, whole seedling dry weight, and emergence velocity index (EVI). The sanitary quality was assessed using the Blotter test. Overall, the chemical treatment combined with the seeds of the TBIO Toruk cultivar provided better indices of physiological and sanitary quality.
The aim of this study was to assess yield components and grain yield of soybean cultivars in response to sowing densities. For this, two soybean cultivars and five sowing densities were tested, in a two-factor scheme. The following yield components were measured by the end of the cycle: plant height; insertion height of the first pod; number of nodes per plant; number of pods with one, two, three and four grains; number of pods per plant; number of grains per plant; weight of a thousand grains; humidity and grain yield. Sowing densities did not cause significant variations of grain yield (bags ha -1 ) for any cultivar, however, higher populational densities promoted a reduction in the number of pods with two and three grains, as well as a reduction in the total number of pods and grains per plant for both cultivars. Cultivar NS 5700 IPRO was the most productive, with a higher number of pods with two and three grains and number of pods and grains per plant.
Common beans are an important protein source for human diet. Much cultivated in small farms it is considered a subsistence crop, employing little cultivation technology. It presents a high susceptibility to temperatures above 28 °C in reproductive periods, causing abortion of plant parts due to the high temperature triggering the plant ethylene synthesis. The agroclimatic zoning for culture does not emphasis on air temperature, which affects the crop. With these assumptions, the aim of this work was to evaluate the high temperature thermal risk for the bean crop in Cruz Alta, Passo Fundo and São Luiz Gonzaga. From the maximum air temperature data obtained since 1961, we obtained the average frequency of days at which the maximum air temperature was equal or greater than 28 °C in ten-day periods. The bigger thermal risk was found in the third ten-day period of January and in the last ten-day period of December. Passo Fundo showed the better thermal conditions for bean crop. São Luiz Gonzaga, even during periods not indicated for the culture, during winter, still showed happen at least one day of thermal risk.
A prática de salvar sementes significa que parte dos grãos colhidos permanece na propriedade e serve como propágulo para a próxima safra. Essa atividade é protegida por lei e muito realizada em lavouras de trigo na região das Missões - RS. Porém, produtores da região pouco tem conhecimento em relação à qualidade destas sementes utilizadas nas propriedades. Ainda, devido a manejos inadequados durante o armazenamento, podem ocorrer perdas de qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de sementes salvas da região das Missões - RS, antes e após a operação de armazenamento realizado pelos agricultores. Amostras de sementes foram coletadas em dois momentos, em pós-colheita (antes do armazenamento) e em pré-semeadura (pósarmazenamento), nos mesmos lotes. Os valores médios de germinação satisfatórios, ficaram acima de 80 %, não diferindo após o período de armazenamento, havendo variabilidade entre os lotes. Quando as sementes foram submetidas ao envelhecimento acelerado, o percentual de germinação ficou abaixo de 50 % e através da análise de massa seca e fresca pode-se identificar diminuição do vigor, bem como o aumento da umidade das sementes após o período de armazenamento. Conclui-se que sementes salvas de trigo na região das Missões - RS possuem germinação satisfatória, mas com limitações de vigor, especialmente após o processo de armazenamento, afetando a qualidade dos lotes.
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