ResumenSe realizó un estudio teórico comparativo de la reactividad de las amidas alifáticas Acetamida y Nmetilacetamida y de las amidas aromáticas Benzamida y N-metilbenzamida, frente a la reacción de hidrólisis catalizada por ácido. Esto se hace a través del análisis de los intermediarios de reacción. Se modelaron y determinaron las geometrías de todas las especies que intervienen en la hidrólisis y se calcularon los parámetros geométricos y las energías de los reactivos y productos, empleando dos métodos de estructura electrónica, teoría del funcional de la densidad (DFT) y el modelo Austin (AM1). Los valores obtenidos se compararon con datos experimentales y de literatura observándose una gran concordancia. Siguiendo el mismo procedimiento se determinaron los parámetros geométricos y energías de los intermediarios de reacción, observándose una mayor estabilidad para el intermediario alifático, que reportó una energía inferior comparada con la del aromático. Palabras clave: hidrólisis ácida, amida alifática, amida aromática, teoría del funcional de la densidad, modelo AustinAbstract A comparative theoretical study of reactivity of the aliphatic amides Acetamide and N-methylacetamide and of the aromatic amides Benzamide and N-methylbenzamide for the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by acid. This is done through the analysis of intermediates of reactions. The geometry of all species involved in the hydrolysis was determined and the energies of all reagents and products were calculated. Two methods of electronic structure, density functional theory (DFT) and the Austin Model 1 (AM1) were used. The calculated values were compared with experimental and literature data. Following the same procedure, the geometric parameters and energies of reaction intermediates were determined, observing greater stability for the aliphatic intermediate, with lower energy compared with the aromatic substances.
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