It is worth emphasizing that airway support is the priority in patients with deep neck infections. Empirical antibiotic treatments must cover gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. Surgical exploration and drainage may be mandatory in selected cases at presentation or in cases that fail to respond to parenteral antibiotics within the first 24 to 48 hours. It is important to perform cultures during operation to establish the pathogen(s) involved and to obtain an antibiogram to tailor the antibiotic treatment.

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