This paper aims to present various linguistic strategies of impression management used by Hungarian judges, defendants and witnesses, taking into consideration the characteristics of Hungarian culture, language and legal system. In courtroom proceedings the way the participants construct an impression depends greatly on their institutional roles. Hungarian law belongs to the family of continental systems and the judge has an active role in the questioning. In contrary to the expansively investigated Anglo-American cross-examination where witnesses are questioned by the opposing parties, in Hungarian courtroom proceedings the judge is the first to ask questions from the witnesses and the defendants in an unbiased way. The judges are able to motivate the witnesses to cooperate with them by defending their positive impression construction. In addition, the witnesses can be placed in a more advantageous position as a result of an impression management strategy applied by the judges. The research is based on a corpus collected by the author. It consists of ten Hungarian trials recorded using a voice recorder. Based on the corpus, five types of linguistic impression management strategies were investigated: raising or conveying interest, emotional identification with another's assertion or attitude, highlighting socially approved values, self-superiority and protection, as well as repair work. This research aims to demonstrate the key roles of linguistic impression management strategies in Hungarian courtroom questioning where the judge questions the participants unbiasedly.
Taking into consideration the characteristics of the Hungarian culture, language and legal system, this paper aims to study complex interrogation strategies used by Hungarian judges. This research is based on my corpus consisting of 10 Hungarian criminal trials recorded by a voice recorder, and written notes from direct observations. The analysis has a complex nature, since it relies on the results of (1) linguistics, because the main goal is to present effective interrogation strategies (2) law, because it is crucial to start the research with understanding the function of the discourse type being analysed:the question strategies are intrinsically connected to the institutional role and the legal system by nature, and (3) psychology has also a great role in the investigation of interrogation in two main aspects: the testimony is based on memories and interrogation has an interpersonal part which should not be omitted in discovering the effective question strategies. This research offers rare data to the courtroom interrogation strategies and the results may also have a significant role in legal practice.
A kutatás nyolc elsőfokú büntetőperes tárgyalás bizonyítási eljárásainak komplex nyelvészeti vizsgálatán alapul, amelyben elsősorban a bírók kihallgatási stratégiái, valamint a vádlottak és tanúk vallomásai kerülnek elemzésre. Az értekezés legfőbb célja, hogy empirikus és kvalitatív kutatási módszerek révén feltérképezze azokat a bírói kihallgatási stratégiákat, amelyek azt segítik elő, hogy a vallomások a lehető legpontosabbak, félreérthetetlenek és befolyásmentesek legyenek. A disszertációban amellett érvelek, hogy ezek a stratégiák kérdésfeltevési mintázatokba rendezhetők. A mintázatok megállapításában egyaránt szerepe van a kérdések formai jellemvonásainak és a kontextusnak, ez utóbbin belül különösen a kérdező céljának, a beszédelőzménynek, a kontextusbeli evidenciáknak, valamint a hallgatókban kiváltott hatásnak. Az értekezés eredményei a nyelvtudomány és a jogtudomány számára egyaránt relevánsak. A nyelvtudomány számára azért, mert a bírósági diskurzus olyan intézményesített nyelvhasználati forma, amely a hétköznapi nyelvhasználattól eltérő speciális jegyeket mutat. A jogtudomány számára pedig azért, mert a nyelvészeti elemzéssel feltárt speciális jegyek tudatos alkalmazása segítheti a bírósági szakemberek munkáját.
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