Deslorelin is a long-term release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. Continuous exposition to the molecule induces reduction of sex steroid hormone production via inhibition of gonadotropin synthesis and secretion by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The sharp reduction in androgens production usually correlate with decreases in aggressiveness, libido, and fertility. 1,2 Initially marketed as a reversible contraceptive for domestic animals, 3-5 it is currently recommended for reproduction and behavior management of wildlife by contraception advisory associations. 6,7 Zoos have been using deslorelin as a management tool for various species to control fertility 8-12 and reduce aggression. 13-19 However, pharmacological effects of deslorelin on the hypo-gonadic axis are subject to significant inter-species and individual variations leading to inconsistent responses among animals. 20-23 Management of captive populations of baboon (Papio) species is a multifactorial challenge that mainly involves the control of reproduction, aggression, and good inter-individual social relations to sustain animal well-being. Few tools are available to manage these colonies and when first-line management strategies are no longer successful, 24,25 it can lead to more interventional measures. 26 As