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Background: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test a short, patientreported questionnaire to be used in clinical practice for patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The Visual Analogue Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (VAS-IBS) questionnaire was designed to measure the treatment response of symptoms and well-being in patients suffering from IBS.

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Patients with cirrhosis show increased severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, which are associated with recent weight loss and impaired health-related QoL. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms seems to be related to the severity of cirrhosis.

Malnutrition and diabetes mellitus seem to be related to HE in patients with liver cirrhosis. Nutritional status and insulin resistance might be implicated in the pathogenesis of HE.