The preparation and characterization of films and nanofibers with carvedilol as a poorly water-soluble drug in poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer were investigated. Films are prepared by solution casting method, and nanofibers by electrospinning from a polymer solution. Water and mixture of ethanol and water were used as solvents. FT-IR analysis of the samples showed that there was no interaction between the polymer and the drug substance. DSC analysis revealed that carvedilol was dissolved in the polymer and influenced the degree of crystallinity of PEO. Carvedilol release rate for all of the formulations was increased in comparison with pure carvedilol. Significant differences in the rate of release of carvedilol from the films and nanofibers were observed. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images of the obtained fiber was revealed the dependence of the fiber diameter of formulation and electrospinning process parameters, and consequently influence the amount and distribution of carvedilol in the encapsulated fibers.

This paper examines current knowledge and thinking about fathering during the infancy period, in terms of research, practice, and social policy. The analysis is conducted at four levels: (1) Description of fathering in terms of men's feelings about being fathers, their involvement with their children, and the nature of infant interactions; (2) the antecedents of father involvement; (3) the effects that fathering has on child development and on the development of fathers, themselves; (4) the implications of findings for social policies and practices (e.g., for approaches to parent education). A major conclusion of the review is that despite a recent shift to place more emphasis on fathers, there is not as much evidence of fathers having been fully integrated into family research paradigms and theoretical models of family processes.

Research into security or otherwise of infant attachment and its correlates is well established. Research into adult internal representations of attachment is still in its infancy. This emergent area of investigation is facilitated by a new measurement instrument, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). This paper presents the first Australian report of the distribution of adult attachment classifications in a group of 62 men, prior to the transition to parenthood. Using the AAI, 35.4% of these men were classified as secure. This proportion is congruent with those reported by other investigators. Validity of the AAI is discussed and some theoretical questions related to the findings are raised.

The elaboration of attachment theory and research into the domains of adult and of mental representations of relationships has generated considerable interest amongst many mental health practitioners. The clinical implications include the potential to understand better how representations of relationships are transmitted from one generation to the next and how these are translated into parenting practices. The aim of this paper is to examine theoretical concepts associated with adult attachment and its measurement and to examine the contribution which adult attachment theory may make to the practice of family therapy. Central assumptions are that the individual cannot be understood adequately outside the context of social relationships and that the family may be understood to operate as a self regulating system.