This study aims to gather and present scientific evidence on the role of a physiotherapist in the pre, peri and postoperative of pediatric cardiac surgery. This professional is able to prevent, minimize or reverse possible respiratory dysfunction and motor sequelae resulting from these interventions. Studies discuss the involvement of respiratory system, specifically the clearance of bronchial secretions and ventilatory adequacy, as a result of surgical procedure. Scientific evidences suggest the effectiveness of physiotherapy in reducing indices of: pneumonia, atelectasis, hospitalization, sequelae deleterious, and length of bed restriction, beyond clinical improvement. These data confirm positive contribution of physiotherapeutic intervention in these surgeries.Descriptors: Physical Therapy Modalities. Cardiac Surgical Procedures. Heart Defects, Congenital. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo é reunir e apresentar evidências científicas sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta nos períodos pré, peri e pós-operatório da cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica. Esse profissional está habilitado a prevenir, minimizar e reverter possíveis disfunções respiratórias e sequelas motoras decorrentes dessas intervenções. Estudos discutem o comprometimento do sistema respiratório, especificamente do clearance de secreção brônquica e da adequação ventilatória, resultantes do procedimento cirúrgico, havendo evidências científicas quanto à eficácia da fisioterapia na redução: dos índices de pneumonias, atelectasias, período de internação, sequelas deletérias, tempo de restrição ao leito, além da melhora clínica. Esses dados atestam a contribuição positiva da intervenção fisioterapêutica nessas cirurgias. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2011;26(2):264-72 Descritores
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