The strength and strain relations of characteristics of the layers in multilayer wall structures made of concrete of different strength are presented, the dependence of the stress values in the layers on the operating conditions of the structure is revealed. On the basis of the principle of strain compatibility of concrete and reinforcement, the estimation of the stress-strain state of multilayer wall panels is done taking into account the conditional concentrated shears in the joint between concretes. A calculation method is proposed, which is based on strains during the combined action of torque and bending moments of three-layer reinforced concrete elements with rectangular section in the stage of working with cracks.

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Abstract. An approach to the assessment of long-term strength and durability of concrete in multi-layer section of enclosing structures by numerical integration of the equations of physics that for practical calculations provides more accurate evaluation of the actual stress-strain state of a bended three-layer element, taking into account the characteristics of deformation layers.

In this article, the authors investigate the types and causes of risks of entrepreneurs working in the field of non-profit social projects. The authors draw conclusions about the high importance of such risks as reputational risks, the risks of negative attitude to the project by interested audiences, the risks of underfunding