This study aims to describe a non-adult individual with bone features suggestive of β-Thalassemia, diseases frequent in malaria-endemic regions today and in the past. The skeleton of a 5.5-6.5-year-old child exhumed from a 16th -18th centuries CE necropolis in Almeirim (Portugal) was examined macroscopically, with scanning electron microscope, and by conventional radiology and computed tomography. This individual shows frontoparietal diploic hyperplasia with a slight hair-on-end radiographic appearance and an exuberant serpiginous pattern. The orbital roofs have a plaque-like formation and facial bones display new bone proliferation and porosity. The teeth show caries, calculus deposition, anomalies on the four deciduous canine roots, and linear enamel hypoplasia on the first permanent right upper central incisor. The postcranial skeleton presents developmental delay, osteopenic trabecular appearances, cribra humeralis and cribra femoralis, the latter associated with malaria. A second non-adult individual (2.5–3.5 years old) had similar lesions in the cranium, raising the question if they were siblings. The lesions are consistent with β-Thalassemia intermedia, a homozygous or compound heterozygous hemoglobinopathy found in malaria endemic regions, such as Almeirim, due to the protective advantage conferred by β-Thalassemia carriers. Thalassemia presents a wide spectrum of lesions common in other hemolytic anemias, which difficult their diagnosis. Hopefully, biomolecular techniques will assist the diagnosis in skeletonized individuals. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first possible case of thalassemia in the westernmost part of Europe, in a region currently with high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies, attributed to the past Islamic and sub-Saharan presence, and in an area historically affected by malaria.

The archaeological intervention of Rua das Portas de Santo Antão, in Lisbon, revealed an extensive diachrony, with archaeological findings dating chronologically between the Late Bronze Age and the Contemporary Period. The findings associated with the use of the space as a funerary site, during the Roman Imperial Period deserve special attention. The area, taking advantage of an old and small natural platform located in the foothills of the Encosta de Sant´Ana, was certainly close to Olisipo’s “Via Norte”, the main axis of the city’s land communications, integrating for this reason the so-called “Necropolis NO”. This paper presents the funerary context, articulating the contextual, artefactual and bioanthropological data, aiming at a comprehensive interpretation of this burial ground.

O hipOgeu 36 da quinta dO castelO 5 (salvada, beja) Ou uma revisãO da partiçãO pOr schubart dO brOnze dO sudOeste The Hypogeum 36 of Quinta do Castelo 5 (Salvada, Beja) or a review of the partition of the Southwestern Bronze Age by Schubart antóniO m. mOnge sOares, pedrO valériO

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the internal consistency of sex estimation using metric (long bone length) and morphological (os coxae -Materials and Methods: Sex was estimated using characteristics of the pelvis and compared to the coincidence between the pelvis and long bone length sex estimations using functions developed from contemporary Results:Discussion: