In modern conditions of personal development, aimed at self-learning, self-development, speech-thinking activity plays a special role as a component of the characteristics of a successful person. The main goal of literary education is to study the texts of works of art, to understand literature as an artistic reality, to develop on this basis the spiritual world of a person, his worldview, and to foster the need for systematic reading as a necessary part of continuous spiritual and moral improvement of the individual, and to develop his intellectual and emotional-volitional spheres.As an artistic phenomenon, the Word lived in the minds of people as an independent image that embodies the centuries-old experience of the people, since at all times its philosophical idea of life was understood and perceived as a great social mission.The article deals with the problem of understanding the image through symbols on the example Of V. Rasputin's story "Women's conversation". In the disclosure of the main idea of the text, the meaning of semantic groups is discussed. The article presents a situation in which a student, independently comprehending new information through reflection, reflects on the preservation of the spiritual and moral values of his people.

The article considers the artistic world of the famous Chuvash poet G.N. Aiga as the space of the holotropic module of consciousness. The aim of the research is to prove that the main content of the poet's work is the movement from the hilotropic (i.e. matter-oriented) module of consciousness, which engages the "division of the world for utilitarian purposes, to the holotropic (i.e. integrity-oriented) module of consciousness.The work comprehends the views of the poet on the world and man in line with the holotropic module of consciousness, characteristic of the folk philosophy of the Chuvash ethnic group, it is proved that the basis of the culture of the Chuvash people, whose representative is G.N. Aigi, lives a holistic view of the world. The inner idea of the personality of Gennady Nikolaevich, which ensures the stable unity of his spirit, the General pathos of his phenomenal creativity, is a movement towards unity. The artist of the word, carrying the wisdom of his ancestors, was able to create his own, only his inherent artistic world, the main idea of which is the movement to the light, the holistic perception of the world.The article represents the idea that the origins of the Chuvash ethnic group lead to the East. G.N. Aigi is the son of this ethnic group, so in his works the key motives are the motives of light, unity, which are investigated in the lyrics of this poet. The work proves that from the poet's point of view man is equal to the Universe, that everything in the world is interconnected and integral, that man, proceeding from the spiritual traditions of the ancient Turks, is a particle of the Supreme absolute.

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The history of world literature presupposes the coverage of those phenomena and processes that bring together various national literatures, certain groups of them [1]. The discovery of such sides will help to better and deeper understand both the composition and the plot features of adventure genres.The poetics of adventure prose has been sufficiently studied in many national literatures. Nevertheless, to date, the issues in the comparative perspective remain unresolved. In this sense, it is important to take into account the changed attitudes towards such areas of Chuvash fiction as fiction, detective, adventure, which have become very fascinating for modern readers. In terms of genre, they are short stories, novellas and novels. They are united by the commonality of the characters' lives, conflict situations and circumstances, ways of plotting.The article is devoted to the problem of studying adventure genres in literary studies of the Ural-Volga region, the manifestation of elements of adventure in artistic practice, the typology of the plot and the typology of heroes are investigated, attention is also paid to their plot-compositional features, to certain features of the hero, the nature of situations and circumstances.

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