Non-surgical mechanical debridement with adjunctive PDT was equally effective in the reduction of mucosal inflammation as with adjunctive delivery of minocycline microspheres up to 12 months. Adjunctive PDT may represent an alternative approach to LDD in the non-surgical treatment of initial peri-implantitis.

Within the limitations of this review, ARST seems to be a well-functioning one-stage alternative to extended two-stage horizontal grafting procedures. Data indicate that during healing and first year of loading, increased ∆CBL particularly at buccal sites must be anticipated. Additional horizontal GBR can help to preserve buccal bone height and width.

The localization in the jaw and the clinical situation are crucial for the decision which second-stage procedure should be applied.

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In case of soft tissue deficiency around OU/L dental implants, the selection of both an appropriate surgical technique and a suitable soft tissue graft material is of utmost clinical relevance.