This study was conducted to evaluate if supplementing bypass fat to cows under silvopastoral systems, increases the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in milk, thus improving the saturated/ unsaturated ratio without a negative effect on total milk yield in fat or protein. Two concentrations of two different sources of bypass fat were evaluated for 40 days, each in a group of 24 multiparous Lucerna (Colombian breed) cows. A cross-over design of 8 Latin squares 3 x 3 was used. The variables submitted to analysis were body condition, daily milk production and milk composition. Body condition, milk yield and milk quality were not different but there was a significant decrease in the amount of saturated fatty acid in both experiments while the unsaturated fat increased significantly in experiment 1 and remained stable in experiment 2. Results, such as these have as far as we know, not been reported previously and they provide an approach for the improvement of milk as a "functional food".
Titulo en ingles: Weight and body condition of Zebu and Angus x Zebu cows in first calving and calves weight, supplemented with rumen protected fat.RESUMEN: Se estimó el efecto que tiene la suplementación de la grasa protegida al rumen durante el periodo de amamanta- miento (7 meses con presencia permanente del ternero). Se usaron 30 vacas de primer parto Angus x Cebú (A x C) y 18 Cebú (C). Se llevó un registro de la condición corporal y el peso de las madres y también del peso de los terneros. La suplementación terminó con el destete de los terneros. Las vacas y los terneros pastaban en brachiarias (Mezclas de Brachiaria decumbens y Brachiaria humidicola), que ofrecía entre 1587 kg de materia seca verde (MSV) durante el periodo de lluvias (Agosto a Noviembre), 175 kg MSV en la época de transición y periodo seco (Diciembre a Abril). Los datos que corresponden a cada grupo genético se analizaron independientemente durante todo el período experimental y de forma conjunta durante los primeros 90 días de lactancia, usando un modelo mixto de medidas repetidas. Las vacas C suplementadas (n=12), así como sus controles (no recibían grasa sobrepasante) perdieron peso durante los 7 meses del experimento, pero mantuvieron una mejor condición corpo- ral los primero 4 meses posparto (p<0.05). Las vacas AxC (n=20) ganaron peso durante los primeros tres meses después del parto y mantuvieron la condición corporal mejor que sus controles, (sin grasa sobrepasante) (p<0.01); después las vacas AxC comenzaron a perder peso y condición corporal (CC) (p<0.05) pero siempre los parámetros se mantuvieron por encima de las vacas control. No se observó ningún efecto del tratamiento de las madres, en los terneros. Se concluye que ofreciendo grasa sobrepasante como suplemento durante la lactancia de vacas de primer parto amamantando el ternero, se mejoran las reservas corporales de las vacas F1, pero no se tiene un efecto marcado en las vacas Cebú, ni en los terneros de ningún grupo.Palabras clave: bloques multinutricionales, ganado de carne, jabón cálcicoABSTRACT: It was estimated the effect of rumen protected fat during the suckling period (7 months with the permanent presence of the calf), in 30 Angus/Zebu (AxZ) and 18 Zebu (Z) first calving cows. Mothers body weight and body condition (BC) were recorded. The weight of calves was also analyzed. Supplementation finished at weaning. The cows and the calves grazed on brachiaria (mixture of Brachiaria decumbens y Brachiaria humidicola) with amounts of dry green matter (DGM) varying from 1587 kg DGM/ha during the rainy period (August to November) to 175 kg DGM/ha in the transition and the dry period (December to April). The data corresponding to each genetic group were analyzed independently using a mixed model with repeated measurement data. Supplemented Z cows (n=12) as well as their controls (Z cows not receiving bypass fat) lost weight all along the seven months suckling but maintained a better BC up to the fourth month after parturition (p<0.05). AxZ cows (n=20) gained weight during the first three months after parturition and maintained a better BC (p<0.01) than controls (AxZ cows not receiving bypass fat), then the AxZ cows began to lose weight and BC (p<0.05) but these parameters were always lower in the control cows. No differences were observed in the calves. We conclude that feeding bypass fat during lactation in first calving cows improves body reserves in F1 cows, but does not have a major impact on zebu cows.Key words: multinutritional blocks, beff cattle, calcium soaps.
Los modelos de evaluación genética multirracial permiten la obtención de los valores genéticos de animales perteneciente a una población de diferente composición racial. La estructura de este tipo de modelo va a depender de la característica a evaluar y de la población multirracial a ser analizada, obteniendose al final de la evaluación valores genéticos aditivos y no aditivos, los cuales permiten tomar decisiones y direccionar los apareamientos de una forma más acertada.
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