Enzymatic interesterification of red palm oil (a mixture of red palm olein/RPO and red palm stearin/RPS in 1:1 weight ratio) and coconut oil (CNO) blends of varying proportions using a non-specific immobilized Candida antartica lipase (Novozyme 435) was studied for the preparation of spread stock. The interesterification reaction was held in a batch-type reactor. Two substrate blends were chosen for the production of spread stock i.e. 77.5:22,5 and 82.5:17.5 ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini dilakukan interesterifikasi enzimatik minyak sawit merah (campuran olein minyak sawit merah (RPO) dan stearin minyak sawit merah (RPS) dengan perbandingan berat 1:1) dan minyak kelapa dalam beberapa perbandingan menggunakan enzim lipase non-spesifik terimobilisasi dari Candida antartica (Novopzyme 435) untuk membuat bahan baku spreads. Reaksi interesterifikasi dilakukan pada reaktor batch. Campuran RPO/RPS dan minyak kelapa dengan perbandingan berat 77,5:22,5 dan 82,5:17,5 digunakan sebagai bahan baku reaksi interesterifikasi pada tiga lama waktu yang berbeda yaitu 2, 4, dan 6 jam. Reaksi interesterfikasi dilakukan pada suhu 60°C, kecepatan agitasi 200 rpm dan konsentrasi enzim terimobilisasi 10%. Produk interesterifikasi dianalisa karateristik fisiknya (titik leleh atau SMP dan kadar lemak padat atau SFC) dan karakteristik kimianya (retensi karoten, kadar air, dan kadar asam lemak bebas). Semua produk hasil interesterifikasi memiliki SMP dan SFC yang lebih rendah dari campuran bahan bakunya. Nilai SMP dan SFC meningkat dengan bertambahnya lama reaksi. Nilai SMP berkisar 30,8°C -34,9°C. Retensi karoten berkisar 74,80%-81,08%. Kadar air dan kadar asam lemak bebas meningkat dengan bertambahnya lama reaksi. Produk hasi interesterfikasi memiliki sifat fisik yang dikehendaki untuk penggunaan sebagai bahan baku spreads kaya karoten.Kata kunci: interesterifikasi enzimatik, reaktor batch, minyak sawit merah, kadar lemak padat, bahan baku spreads 1PENDAHULUAN

Patent system has been implemented globally to protect intellectual property in technology. Patent information analysis has been used for various purposes, including technology mapping, technology forecasts, business intelligence, patent portfolios, and others. Indonesia is the largest producer and exporter of palm oil in the world thus palm oil is one of Indonesia’s largest foreign exchange earning commodities, but Indonesia’s palm oil research activities are still lagging behind Malaysia. This study aims to map the conditions and development of palm oil technology in the world and Indonesia based on patent information analysis that expected to be an input for researchers & policy maker (government, university, R&D institution) in structuring of research and development strategic planning to produce applicative researches which suitable to industry needs. Patent information analysis of palm oil in this study includes technology life cycle, technology classification, patent applicants, market size of technology, and experts of palm oil technology. Mapping of palm oil technology based on patent information analysis in this study shows the development of palm oil technology both in the world and Indonesia are in the stage of growth. In the period 1997-2016, technologies that were widely developed were production of oil and fat from palm oil raw materials and enzyme utilization for synthesis of organic compounds, processing of wastewater and fertilizers from palm oil waste, cultivation or nursery of oil palm, herbal preparations, and utilization of oil palm biomass for particle board. Data on patent applicants for palm oil in the world shows that 83% of patent applicants came from companies, where the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) is the largest producer of palm oil technology in the world.