Analysis 1.7. Comparison 1 Upright position versus recumbent position, Outcome 7 Prolonged second stage, defined as pushing for more than 60 minutes (trial authors report 'duration of pushing phase' in minutes.. .. .. . Analysis 1.8. Comparison 1 Upright position versus recumbent position, Outcome 8

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Editorial group: Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. Publication status and date: New search for studies and content updated (no change to conclusions), published in Issue 2, 2017.