Resumo:A asma é responsável pelo acometimento de grande número de crianças em nosso meio, o que a torna uma das doenças de maior relevância na infância. O objetivo investigar a interferência da asma no cotidiano das crianças e identificar a representação que elas e seus pais fazem da doença. Adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa capaz de evidenciar, com base na fala dos sujeitos, a Representação Social da doença. Para tanto foram realizadas entrevistas com 45 crianças em idade escolar matriculadas na rede pública da cidade de São Paulo, bem como com seus pais e/ou responsáveis. Na análise foram identificadas as representações sociais dessa população, utilizando-se o Método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados desta pesquisa revelaram o conhecimento adequado das interferências da asma no cotidiano da criança, contribuindo para o enfrentamento de suas repercussões negativas e para elaboração de estratégias de promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida dessas crianças. Essas questões quando conhecidas e compreendidas, trazem alertas à equipe médica responsável pela criança asmática, dada a relação intrínseca entre a representação construída da doença pela criança asmática e por seus pais e a maneira como se sente e interage com o mundo e com a sociedade à qual pertence.
Asthma afflicts a great number of children in our society which makes it a significant childhood disease. The present study aims at investigating the disruption caused in the children"s daily lives by asthma as well as identifying the way the disease is represented by the children and their parents. A qualitative methodology, based on the verbal discourse of the subjects, was chosen to identify the Social Representation of the pathology. Interviews on the disease were conducted with 45 school children, enrolled in the public schools of São Paulo, together with their parents and/or guardians. Social representations of asthma by this population were identified, using the method of Collective Subject Discourse Method. The results of the research showed enough knowledge, on the part of the subjects, of the interference of asthma in their children"s daily lives, helping them to face the negative effects and elaborate strategies to improve their health and quality of life. Once these issues are known and understood, they provide warnings to the medical team responsible for the asthmatic child, due to the intrinsic nature between the representations of the disease built by the asthmatic child and his parents and the way he feels and interacts with the world around him and the society to which he belongs.
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