Wastewater surveillance represents an alternative approach for the diagnosis and early detection of infectious agents of public health importance. This study aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 and other quality markers in oxidation lagoons, estuarine areas and seawater at Guayas and Santa Elena in Ecuador. Sample collections were conducted twice at 42 coastal sites and 2 oxidation lagoons during dry and rainy seasons (2020-2021). Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated to determine organic pollution. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2. Results showed high levels of Escherichia coli and low dissolved oxygen concentrations. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in sea-waters and estuaries with salinity levels between 34.2-36.4 PSU and 28.8 degrees celsius -31.3 degrees celsius. High amounts of fecal coliforms were detected and correlated with the SARS-CoV-2 shedding. We recommend to decentralized autonomous governments in developing countries such as Ecuador to implement corrective actions and establish medium-term mechanisms to minimize a potential contamination route.
El calentamiento global y el sol directo cerca del ecuador aumentan la temperatura en las ciudades, mientras que los bosques son los encargados de regular dicha temperatura. Evaluamos la estructura y biomasa aérea de dos remanentes de bosques cerca de una urbanización en construcción en Daule, Ecuador (Daule 1-2). Se tomaron n=5 transectos (25 m x 4 m) cubriendo 0.05 ha/sitio, medimos todos los árboles ≥2,5 cm dap (1.3 m sobre el nivel del suelo) y comparamos con otros bosques estudiados por Alwyn Gentry. Daule-1 y Daule-2 tenían 39 y 35 individuos, respectivamente, mientras que Gentry encontró 159 y 216 individuos en Capeira y Esmeraldas. La densidad en los n=5 transectos (promedio ± error estándar) fueron menores para (Daule-1=780±37.42 ind/ha) y (Daule-2=740±40.00 ind/ha) en tanto que Capeira y Esmeraldas (n=10 transectos para cada sitio) tuvieron (2270±211.37 ind/ha) y (3540±265.50 ind/ha), respectivamente (ANOVA, P<0.001). El carbono capturado fueDaule-1=131.6 Mg/ha, Daule-2=111.7 Mg/ha, Daule-1+Daule-2=243.3Mg/ha así mismo Capeira 210.6 Mg/ha y Esmeraldas 181.5 Mg/ha. Tales resultados sugieren que los remanentes de bosques juegan un papel importante para la calidad de vida de las personas al capturar dióxido de carbono y producir oxígeno; papel que jugarían mejor si los bosques fueran más extensos.
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