Our results support the hypothesis that tryptophan catabolism, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activation, microbial translocation, and perturbed distribution of Tregs and CD161Tc17/MAIT cells are part of a vicious circle that perpetuates exhaustion of the immune system and progression of untreated HIV infection and challenge immune reconstitution in patients on cART.
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