The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognized that "everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits". As a result, cultural rights have been understood as inseparable from human rights and require protection mechanisms within particular international (including regional) legal systems. The European continent is proud to have developed one of the most effective mechanisms of the human rights protection by establishing the Council of Europe and adopting the European Court of Human Rights. The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 reformulated many concepts of access to human rights and possibilities to enjoy freedoms. Even if access to culture (access to cultural heritage) has been available online for many years, it is the time of globally occurring lockdowns that forced people to stay home and found themselves in a situation when all of a sudden online access to culture became the only way of access to culture. The article aims to analyze the current situation in Europe by asking questions if and how online access to culture is recognized and protected under the Council of Europe's mechanisms with special emphasis on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in this field.

COVID-19 pandemic occurred as an unexpected experience affecting all countries around the globe. In addition to the obvious health, economic and political effects, the COVID-19 pandemic triggered immense changes in the social spheres. People and institutions were forced to adjust to the new circumstances, change habits and move most or all of their activity online. In the completely virtual world, pandemic became a fertile ground for the bloom of the conspiracy theories already existing, but struggling for the global attention. The aim of the paper is to present three main conspiracy theories rapidly gaining popularity during the pandemic (the QAnon, anti-vaccination movements and anti-5G movements) and to analyse how they developed since the pandemic had been announced. In particular, the rising activity of the representatives of the movements will be analysed, as well as its acceleration in connection with pandemic and the resulting influence on social and political life. Finally, the paper will try examine whether the rapid development of conspiracy theories within societies has had any relations to the level of trust towards government-made decisions. The thesis being verified hereto is that pandemic accelerated the development of conspiracy theories due to the diminishing level of trust towards governments operating in the most difficult period in recent history. There are variety of reasons for the belief in conspiracy theories and they depend on the specificity of the theory and specificity of group of people it originates from. In general, it can be noted that all kind of conspiracies are developed by either (1) people who actually believe in them and are sharing them with good intentions (to warn other about the dangers hidden behind certain actions or institutions) or (2) malignant individuals whose aim is to discord or discredit an opponent or critic or, alternatively, distract attention from misconduct or lack of competence.

UN High Representative Within the Bosnia and Herzegovina State's Authorities-Quantification The aim of this article is to analyze the position of the UN High Representative within the state structures of Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of quantity. This institution is so unique that its character and functioning have been the subject of many discussions. The article analyzes activities of the High Representative since establishment and on this basis conclusions were drawn regarding the present and future of this institution. Main trends in the evaluation of the High Representative's activities altogether were also mentioned with proposed ways of modification of this institution in directions that eliminate allegations about the lack of democracy or constitutionality of this body. This article not only fills the niche in the subject matter, but updates the research conducted so far regarding to the field of the High Representative's activity. * Bośnia i Hercegowina 2 jest państwem stosunkowo młodym, powstałym w procesie rozpadu Federacyjnej Socjalistycznej Republiki Jugosławii oraz wojen bałkańskich w latach 1992-1995. Jej powstanie i funkcjonowanie jest efektem długich negocjacji pomiędzy narodowościami żyjącymi na terenach obecnej Bośni, jak również podmiotów międzynarodowych zaangażowanych w wojnę oraz proces dochodzenia do jej pokojowego zakończenia. Dzisiejsze ramy funkcjonowania państwa zostały określone w zawartym w 1995 r. układzie pokojowym 3 (określanym mianem porozumienia bądź układu z Dayton) zawierającym w swych postanowieniach obowiązującą do dziś Konstytucję Bośni i Hercegowiny. Celem artykułu jest próba analizy ilościowej pozycji ustrojowej Wysokiego Przedstawiciela w ramach struktur państwowych BiH przy uwzględnieniu danych udostępnianych przez Urząd Wysokiego Przedstawiciela. 2 W dalszej części niniejszego artykułu autor będzie posługiwał się określeniami "Bośnia" bądź "BiH" na określenie nazwy państwa.

The right to court is one of the basic constitutional principles in the Polish legal order. The occurrence of COVID-19 forced the legislator to introduce a number of procedural solutions adjusting the judicial reality to this situation. Therefore, the institution of a remote hearing was introduced, the number of cases allowing for remote hearings increased, and greater emphasis was put on the presentation of written positions by the parties to the proceedings. It also significantly affected the preservation of the right to a court, especially in the case of persons less familiar with modern technology and without the support of a professional attorney. This article analyses the provisions introducing new institutions into the Polish civil procedure and leads to the conclusion that the adopted solutions violate the constitutional right to a court. The study touches upon a new subject in the literature on the subject, which undoubtedly constitutes an added value for this issue.