The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the process of adaptation of first-year students to studying at a university as a pedagogical phenomenon. In the process of developing the personality of a future specialist, a significant role is played by the initial stage of studying at a university. Its complexity lies in restructuring the whole system of value-cognitive orientation of the student’s personality, developing new methods of cognitive activity and forming certain types of interpersonal relationships. The main characteristic of this stage is the process of students’ adaptation to university education. The aim of the paper is to develop scientific ideas about the nature, structure, and characteristics of students’ adaptation to the educational process in a university. The article considers scientific works on the problem under study, reveals different approaches of researches to adaptation Based on the analysis of scientific literature and experience, the author defines the terms “adaptation”, “the process of adaptation”, “adaptedness”. The comparative analysis of the terms “adjustment” and “adaptation”, “imitation” and “adaptation”, “socialization” and “adaptation” is carried out. Special attention is also given to the significant role of education for the process of adaptation and socialization. The structure of the process of students’ adaptation to studying at a university including types, phases, and forms of adaptation is thoroughly investigated and described in the article. Based on the results of students’ recitation the paper presents the list of the most common difficulties in the process of adaptation of first-year students in order of their significance.

The paper is devoted to the study and analysis of the grammatical and stylistic features of the translation of English absolute constructions into Russian on the material of English-language works of literature of the 20th century. The lack of knowledge on the issue necessitated the study of several works and translations. The work was based on the works of William Saroyan, Anthony Burgess, and John Steinbeck and translated editions of these works. The main approaches to the definition of absolute constructions and absolute phrases in the English language are reviewed; the types of absolute phrases are considered; the functions of absolute constructions, described by different scientists, are described; the grammatical and stylistic features of absolute constructions in the English language are studied; the grammatical and stylistic features of the translation of absolute constructions from English into Russian are analyzed.

The purpose of the article is to consider the system of assessing the level of graduates’ mastering the Federal Component of the State Educational Standard in the Russian Federation. The stated problem has been the subject of efficient research since the moment of introducing the Unified State Exam (USE) in Russia in 2005. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the assessment system is demonstrated through the comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the (USE) in the Russian Language (native) and the English Language (foreign), carried out by the authors. Lately the number of students taking both an exam in Russian and English has been increasing and according to this the content and tasks in both exams have been modified. The authors describe the forms of the State Final Certification (SFC) for the English and the Russian Languages, participants, terms and duration, requirements for the USE, means of communication during the SFC, procedures for checking examination works and others. The reveals that there is a significant similarity between two types of examinations and learning both the Russian and English Languages is really important that is primarily due to the modern trends in the development of Russian society.

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