General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 09 May 2018Spectrochimica Acta Part A 83 (2011) 194-199 a b s t r a c tThe Breviary of Arnold of Egmond is one of the most wealthily illuminated fifteenth century manuscripts in the Northern Netherlands. The manuscript originally contained a number of full-page miniatures, which were all removed at an unknown date before 1902. The three remaining miniatures studied here, are today part of different collections, but they were brought together for an exhibition. Although several historical and art historical details of this breviary have extensively been studied, no examination of the materials used was undertaken before. Analytical techniques, such as mobile Raman spectroscopy, can be used to characterise and identify these materials in a non-invasive way. This paper presents the results of the in situ Raman analysis of three full-page miniatures of the Breviary of Arnold of Egmond. During this study, different pigments could be identified, such as lead white (2PbCO 3 ·Pb(OH) 2 ), lead-tin yellow type I (Pb 2 SnO 4 ), ultramarine (Na 8-10 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 S 2-4 ), massicot (PbO), vermilion (HgS) and red lead (Pb 3 O 4 ). Next to identification of the pigments, visual analysis was used to detect differences and similarities between the stylistic elements of the three analysed folios.