Incentive spirometry can be considered as an effective component for pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients.

Background: It is estimated that about 5% of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers are infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV) worldwide. Moreover, dual infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) / HDV causes more severe diseases and leads to a higher risk of mortality. Objectives: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HDV infection and identify HDV-associated factors among HBsAg-positive patients in Birjand, South Khorasan province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted on 5235 participants in line with a previous study on the seroprevalence of HBV in South of Khorasan. HDV was assessed through evaluating the blood serum of diagnosed HBsAg-positive patients (85 cases) by ELISA test. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were calculated, using SPSS version 22. Results: In this study, the mean age of HBsAg-positive patients was 45.1 ± 12.9 years (minimum, 22 years; maximum, 70 years). In total, 1 out of 85 cases was positive for HDV virus. The prevalence of HDV infection among HBsAg-positive patients was 1.2% (95% CI,-1.2 to 3.5). Conclusions: The low prevalence of HDV infection in South of Khorasan was remarkable, considering the great area of this province, use of a comprehensive and inclusive sampling strategy, and mutual borders with Afghanistan.

Adverse consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination which have been reported in scientific papers are varied. One possible but rare consequence is myocarditis, which may have a diversity of clinical manifestations. We report a case of a 70-year-old man who presented to the hospital for some syncope, 3 days after his first COVID-19 AstraZeneca Vaccination. Initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a long QT interval (QTc = 600 milliseconds). Laboratory tests revealed elevated troponin and lack of evidence of viral infection. Further investigations revealed the vaccine-induced myocarditis and arrhythmias linked to it. Within one week of magnesium treatment, the QT interval was completely corrected, and the patient discharged with no typical syncope attacks. This case like the previous reported one confirms that myocarditis is a complication of COVID-19 vaccine, but implies its clinical manifestations may be varied and even may happen after the single dose of vaccination.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common cause of death worldwide. Several factors are associated with increased risk of DVT. In this report a case of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb and its link with underlying pulmonary tuberculosis is described in a young male patient with haemoptysis.