Introduction: Spontaneous bladder rupture is a rare manifestation of hyporeflexic bladder due to HAM/TSP (human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV1) associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis). Case Presentation: We report a case of spontaneous bladder rupture in a 62-year-old woman with a HTLV1 infection. Discussion: Bladder over-distention and spontaneous bladder rupture, although very rare in HAM/TSP, should be considered in a differential diagnosis of bladder rupture, especially in patients with a history of HTLV1.

Introduction: Post-vaccination encephalomyelitis is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. It is triggered by certain vaccines. The diagnosis of post-vaccination encephalomyelitis depends on the close temporal relationship between vaccination and clinical presentation. Case Presentation: We describe a 30-year-old man with post-vaccination encephalomyelitis following Mencevax ACWY meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Encephalomyelitis is a very rare side effect of this vaccine. Conclusions: Post-vaccination encephalomyelitis is a very rare side effect of Mencevax ACWY.

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