Pediatric patients with HIV who develop MAC infection may present with massive lymph node enlargement. This can occur not only in mesenteric and retroperitoneal nodes but also in hilar and posterior mediastinal nodes as well. As in MTB infection, these nodes can break down with development of fistulous tracts to both esophagus and adjacent lung. The major differential diagnostic consideration besides MTB is lymphoma.

Malignant metastasis to the breast, rare in adults, has occurred in children from hematologic malignancies and from neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. We report a case of bilateral breast metastases in a 14-year-old girl with a prior nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma; the breast masses were the first sign of recurrence.