Introduction: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with itchy eczematous lesions, mostly found in children, and may affect a patient’s quality of life. Individuals with AD were found to have dysbiosis of gut microbial, which may alter the immunologic tolerance of mucosa, causing inflammation and affecting skin conditions. Dietary fiber or prebiotics consumption may have a role in reversing dysbiosis and may affect AD. In this literature review, the authors would like to further explore the role of dietary fiber or prebiotics in the prevention and severity of AD/ Methods: Relevant literature research was conducted in several sources: Pubmed, EBSCOHOST, Proquest, and Google Scholar, using keywords “atopic dermatitis, atopic eczema, dietary fiber, prebiotic, nutrition.” Studies published within the last 10 years were included. Discussions: Dietary fiber, particularly soluble fibers and those which can be fermented by gut bacteria (including prebiotics), plays a role in maintaining homeostasis of normal gut flora by producing SCFA, which increases the gut barrier, has anti-inflammatory properties, balances Th1/Th2 ratio, increases lymphocytes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) system, and increases secretion of intestinal IgA. The role of dietary fiber/prebiotics in the prevention or decreasing rate of AD is still a matter of debate. Several studies showed no effect or correlation of prebiotic supplementation in decreasing the AD rate in pregnant women or babies with a high risk of atopy. On the other hand, several studies on prebiotic supplementation for babies and children have shown the benefits of prebiotic supplementation in preventing allergies (AD, rhinoconjunctivitis, and urticaria). Conclusion: The role of dietary fiber/prebiotics in preventing or treating AD is still a matter of debate. Different study results make it difficult to conclude the clinical effect of prebiotics in allergy prevention, particularly AD. This may be caused by the heterogeneous studies and the limited number of studies on humans. Further studies (RCT) involving large-scale respondents are needed to define the effects of prebiotic supplementation in the prevention or alternative therapy for AD.

<p>Dermatitis atopi (DA) merupakan radang kulit yang bersifat kronik dan residif. DA umumnya muncul pertama kali pada tahun pertama kehidupan. Penyebab DA multifaktorial disertai riwayat atopi lain pada penderita maupun keluarga. Terapi DA simptomatik, sehingga sering gagal dan berdampak pada kualitas hidup pasien maupun keluarganya. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa probiotik terutama strain bakteri campuran, sangat bermanfaat sebagai pengobatan dan pencegahan DA.</p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recidive inflammatory skin disease. AD commonly appear in the first year of life. Cause of AD is multifactorial with past or familial history of other atopy. AD therapy is symptomatic, resulting in frequent failure and impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. Recent research shows that probiotics, especially mixed bacterial strains is very useful as a treatment and prevention of AD.</p>

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by systemic inflammation with skin, joint and metabolic involvement. Several risk factors have been recognized in the etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis, including family history and environmental risk factors, such as diet, obesity, smoking, stress, and alcohol. Dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet have been proposed to alleviate chronic inflammation. In this literature review, we aimed to thoroughly review the impact of MD in psoriasis.

<p>Salah satu reaksi hipersensitivitas terhadap obat dikenal sebagai sindrom Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS). DRESS merupakan reaksi sistemik yang jarang, meliputi reaksi multisistem berat terhadap obat, dengan gejala demam, ruam kulit, limfadenopati, keterlibatan organ internal dan leukositosis dengan eosinofilia. Diagnosis awal dan tatalaksana yang adekuat dapat membantu mencegah perburukan.</p><p>DRESS is a rare severe multisystem reaction to drugs, with symptoms of fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, involving internal organs and leukocytosis with eosinophilia. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment can help prevent the progression of DRESS.</p>

<p>Psoriasis merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis kulit dengan predisposisi genetik dan autoimun yang kuat. Prevalensi psoriasis di seluruh dunia adalah 0,09% sampai 5,1%, bervariasi antar negara. Psoriasis dikarakteristikkan dengan lesi plak eritematosa yang dilapisi skuama tebal putih keabuan, biasanya memiliki predileksi simestris di siku, lutut, trunk, dan scalp. Terapi sebagian besar menggunakan imunomodulator atau imunosupresan untuk psoriasis derajat sedang hingga berat. Sudah terdapat beberapa penelitian efek samping dan rekomendasi dosis obat-obatan di era COVID-19. Penggunaan terapi tersebut dalam era pandemi COVID-19 harus hati-hati dan tetap menjaga imunitas pasien.</p><p>Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammatory disease with a strong genetic and autoimmune predisposition. The prevalence of psoriasis worldwide is 0.09% to 5.1%, varies among countries. Psoriasis is characterized by erythematous plaque lesions covered in thick gray-white scales, usually have a symmetrical predilection on the elbows, knees, trunk, and scalp. Immunomodulators or immunosuppressants are commonly used for moderate to severe psoriasis. There have been several studies on side effects and recommendations for the necessary dosage adjustments in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Careful use is important to maintain patient's immunity.</p>