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Intermediate-term outcomes of percutaneous RFA are excellent. GA-assisted, contrast-enhanced CT-guided percutaneous RFA demonstrates a high initial ablation success rate. However, endophytic and interpolar lesions are at higher risk for recurrence.

RFA with peripheral fiberoptic temperature monitoring provides a definitive management end point. Inadequate coverage of the tumor volume is immediately recognized in real time, which allows necessary treatment adjustments to be made. "Enhanced" RFA with peripheral temperature monitoring resulted in an improved single treatment success rate and boosted operator confidence in the management of endophytic, central, or hilar renal tumors.

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