The C60 polyarenes 4, 5, 18 a, and 18 b have been synthesized from truxene by triple alkylation at C5, C10, and C15 followed by a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular arylation. The synthesis of "crushed fullerene" C60H30 (2) is the most efficient reported to date and proceeds in 33% overall yield.

The di‐ and tetraalkynyl biphenyls 3 and 5 have been synthesized from the tetrabromo derivative 1 by using Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. The reaction of 3 or 5 with cis‐[RuCl2(dppe)2] (8) affords vinylidene ruthenium complexes, which were deprotonated with Et3N to give the terminal σ‐alkynylruthenium derivatives 9−12. The reaction of 3 or 5 with [Ru(CO)ClH(PPh3)3] (13) gave the corresponding di‐σ‐alkenyl ruthenium complexes 14 and 15.

Sterically crowded 5,10,15-triarylated truxenes are obtained by reaction of truxenetrione with aryllithium compounds (aryl = 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 9-phenanthryl, 9-anthracenyl), followed by reduction of the tertiary alcohols with (Figure 1) have received attention as potential starting materials for the construction of larger polyarenes [1Ϫ5] and for the synthesis of new materials.[6Ϫ9] For the synthesis of polyarenes with the topology of the fullerenes [10Ϫ12] we developed a synthesis of derivatives 3b by the reaction of the trianion of 1 with a variety of alkylating agents, followed by isomerization with KOtBu in tBuOH (Scheme 1). [13,14] Figure 1. Truxene (1) and truxenetrione (2) Scheme 1 [a]

Hexasubstituted truxenes are obtained in one step by alkylation of the potassium anion of truxene. Subsequent derivatization provides truxene derivatives with six carboxy, amino, or hydroxy groups at their peripheries. Alkylation of syn‐5,10,15‐tribenzyl derivatives with a different benzyl bromide derivative affords mixtures of anti‐ and syn‐hexasubstituted truxenes. Truxenes with phenols or benzoquinone groups have also been synthesized by starting from truxenetrione. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)

Purpose of review To review the evidence about video game-based therapeutic intervention for people diagnosed with depressive disorders. Recent findings Psychotherapy has been proved to reduce depressive symptoms and is a key element in the treatment of depressive disorders. However, geographical, economical and stigmatized concerns are barriers to access to psychotherapy. New technologies and videos games can overcome some of these barriers by providing teleconferencing evidence-based therapy as time as they may offer an interactive entertainment. Summary Overall, video game-based interventions were useful and effective in reducing symptoms of depressive disorders. Seven of the studies were published in the last 5 years, which reflects the increased research interest in video game-based interventions for depression. Overall, when adherence was reported, rates of acceptability and feasibility were high.